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Related Concept Videos

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...
COP Coated Vesicles00:59

COP Coated Vesicles

Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of different...
Lysosomes01:31

Lysosomes

Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed spherical sacs derived from the Golgi apparatus. The most important function of the lysosome is degrading macromolecules and biological polymers that are released during membrane trafficking events such as the secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The degradation is carried out by several hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen. These acid hydrolases are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling,...
Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
What are Membranes?01:24

What are Membranes?

A cell's plasma membrane demarcates the cell's borders and determines the nature of its interaction with the environment. Cells exclude certain substances, take in others, and excrete some others in controlled quantities. The plasma membrane must be flexible to allow certain cells, such as red and white blood cells, to change their shape while passing through narrow capillaries. These are the more obvious plasma membrane functions. In addition, the plasma membrane's surface carries markers that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Preparing Lamellae from Vitreous Biological Samples Using a Dual-Beam Scanning Electron Microscope for Cryo-Electron Tomography
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Preparing Lamellae from Vitreous Biological Samples Using a Dual-Beam Scanning Electron Microscope for Cryo-Electron Tomography

Published on: August 5, 2021

Outer membrane vesicles function as offensive weapons in host-parasite interactions.

Atsuo Amano1, Hiroki Takeuchi, Nobumichi Furuta

  • 1Department of Oral Frontier Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita-Osaka 565-0871, Japan. amanoa@dent.osaka-u.ac.jp

Microbes and Infection
|August 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Gram-negative bacteria act as weapons, carrying toxins and other factors to infect host cells. This review explores how OMVs enter cells and their role in disease.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Preparing Lamellae from Vitreous Biological Samples Using a Dual-Beam Scanning Electron Microscope for Cryo-Electron Tomography
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Published on: August 5, 2021

Size Exclusion Chromatography to Analyze Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicle Heterogeneity
07:26

Size Exclusion Chromatography to Analyze Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicle Heterogeneity

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Evaluation of Extracellular Vesicle Function During Malaria Infection
13:45

Evaluation of Extracellular Vesicle Function During Malaria Infection

Published on: February 14, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are released by Gram-negative bacteria.
  • OMVs contain virulence factors like toxins, proteases, adhesins, and lipopolysaccharide.
  • These factors contribute to bacterial colonization and host immune modulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms by which OMVs enter host cells.
  • To discuss the etiological roles of OMVs in host-parasite interactions.
  • To highlight OMVs as bacterial virulence factors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on bacterial OMVs.
  • Analysis of OMV composition and function.
  • Examination of OMV-host cell interactions.

Main Results:

  • OMVs utilize various mechanisms to enter host cells.
  • OMVs play significant roles in establishing infection and modulating host responses.
  • OMVs are crucial in bacterial pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • OMVs are potent mediators of bacterial virulence.
  • Understanding OMV entry and function is key to comprehending host-parasite dynamics.
  • OMVs represent a significant target for therapeutic strategies.