Multisyringe chromatography (MSC) using a monolithic column for the determination of sulphonated azo dyes

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Environmental Science

Background:

• Textile dyes, particularly sulphonated azo dyes like Acid Yellow 23, Acid Yellow 9, and Acid Red 97, are common pollutants in wastewater.
• Effective methods for detecting and quantifying these dyes in environmental samples are crucial for monitoring water quality.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and validate a multisyringe chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of three sulphonated azo textile dyes.
• To optimize the analytical system for simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and efficiency.

Main Methods:

• Development of a multisyringe chromatography system utilizing a monolithic column.
• Optimization of the method using a sequential experimental design methodology, including full factorial 2(3) designs.
• Inclusion of an ion pair reagent to enhance the affinity of anionic dyes with the monolithic column.
• Validation of the method by spiking real water samples (tap, well, and wastewater lagoon).

Main Results:

• The optimized method achieved good resolution between Acid Yellow 23 and Acid Yellow 9 (resolution factor 1.47).
• Acid Red 97 was eluted within 8 minutes.
• The analytical system demonstrated simplicity, versatility, low cost, and flexibility in configuration.
• The methodology was successfully validated using spiked real water samples.

Conclusions:

• The developed multisyringe chromatography method is effective for the simultaneous determination of Acid Yellow 23, Acid Yellow 9, and Acid Red 97.
• The method is suitable for analyzing textile dyes in various environmental water matrices.
• The system offers a practical and efficient analytical solution for dye pollution monitoring.