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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction01:26

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and long-term...
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations

Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...

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Monitoring Blood Glucose in Mouse Offspring After Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
06:11

Monitoring Blood Glucose in Mouse Offspring After Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection

Published on: May 17, 2024

Pregestational diabetes.

Gabriella Pridjian1

  • 1Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, SL11, Tulane University Medical School, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. Pridjian@Tulane.edu

Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America
|August 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Preexisting diabetes in pregnancy, especially type 2, is rising. Improved understanding and team-based care have enhanced outcomes, but glycemic control remains challenging due to pregnancy-related factors.

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Evaluation of Hepatic Glucose Production in a Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mouse Model
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Evaluation of Hepatic Glucose Production in a Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mouse Model
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Published on: March 5, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Endocrinology
  • Perinatal Medicine

Background:

  • Increasing prevalence of preexisting diabetes in pregnancy, primarily type 2 diabetes.
  • Significant improvements in maternal and newborn outcomes for diabetic pregnancies over recent decades.
  • Advances in disease understanding, patient education, and novel treatment modalities contribute to better care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the challenges and necessary care strategies for managing pregnancies in women with preexisting diabetes.
  • To emphasize the importance of continuous monitoring throughout the reproductive continuum.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current understanding and treatment approaches for diabetic pregnancies.
  • Focus on the multidisciplinary team approach in managing these complex cases.
  • Identification of key challenges in glycemic control during pregnancy.

Main Results:

  • Despite advancements, achieving optimal glycemic control presents challenges due to pregnancy-associated conditions like nausea, vomiting, and insulin resistance.
  • Effective management requires meticulous monitoring across preconception, prenatal, and peripartum stages.

Conclusions:

  • Care for women with preexisting diabetes requires comprehensive and vigilant monitoring throughout pregnancy.
  • The team approach and ongoing education are crucial for optimizing outcomes in diabetic pregnancies.