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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction01:26

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and long-term...
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...

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Monitoring Blood Glucose in Mouse Offspring After Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
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Monitoring Blood Glucose in Mouse Offspring After Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection

Published on: May 17, 2024

Update on gestational diabetes.

Gabriella Pridjian1, Tara D Benjamin

  • 1Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tulane University Medical School, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL11, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. Pridjian@Tulane.edu

Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America
|August 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gestational diabetes is rising in women, impacting pancreatic beta-cell function and insulin secretion. Postpartum screening and intervention are crucial to prevent future type 2 diabetes.

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Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
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Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Monitoring Blood Glucose in Mouse Offspring After Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
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Published on: May 17, 2024

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Increasing rates of obesity in adolescent and adult women are linked to a rise in gestational diabetes.
  • Gestational diabetes is characterized by impaired pancreatic beta-cell function and insufficient insulin secretion, leading to hyperglycemia.
  • Even mild hyperglycemia during pregnancy is associated with adverse outcomes, yet controversies persist regarding screening and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of gestational diabetes, including its impact on maternal health and fetal outcomes.
  • To discuss the challenges and controversies in the screening, management, and treatment of gestational diabetes.
  • To highlight the importance of postpartum screening and intervention for women with a history of gestational diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent clinical studies on gestational diabetes.
  • Analysis of data regarding screening rates and treatment options, including glyburide.
  • Examination of the long-term implications of gestational diabetes on glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes progression.

Main Results:

  • Gestational diabetes is associated with impaired pancreatic beta-cell function and reduced insulin secretion.
  • Glyburide shows promise as a treatment option for gestational diabetes.
  • Postpartum screening for gestational diabetes occurs in only about half of affected women.

Conclusions:

  • Gestational diabetes poses significant risks due to impaired beta-cell function and hyperglycemia.
  • Effective screening and management strategies are needed, with glyburide showing potential therapeutic benefits.
  • Enhanced postpartum screening and intervention are vital to reduce the incidence of glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes in women with a history of gestational diabetes.