Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Model Components

Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Model Components

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK–PD) modeling is essential in drug development and clinical pharmacology. It provides a quantitative framework to predict drug behavior and response over time. This approach integrates pharmacokinetics (PK), which describes the drug's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, with pharmacodynamics (PD), which characterizes the drug’s biological effects and mechanisms of action.The disposition kinetics of a drug determine its plasma...

Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Problems

Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Problems

The empirical approach to drug therapy optimization relies on correlating pharmacological response with administered dosage. Such an approach can be costly, time-consuming, and often yields poor correlation due to variables like formulation factors and drug elimination characteristics. A more precise approach correlates response with plasma drug concentration or the amount of drug in the body, rather than dosage. This is achieved through pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling, which...

Pharmacodynamic Models: Overview

Pharmacodynamic Models: Overview

Pharmacodynamic (PD) responses describe the interaction between a drug and its biological target, culminating in a physiological effect. These responses can be classified into different types: continuous variables, such as blood glucose levels; categorical outcomes, like survival rates; and time-to-event metrics, such as disease progression. Understanding and modeling PD responses are critical for optimizing drug efficacy and safety.PD models describe the relationship between drug concentration...

Pharmacodynamics: Overview and Principles

Pharmacodynamics: Overview and Principles

Pharmacodynamics is a scientific field that delves into drugs' intricate biochemical, cellular, and physiological effects on the human body. The study of pharmacodynamics helps us understand how drugs interact with the body and elicit various responses.
Most drugs' effects result from their interactions with drug receptors or targets within the body. These interactions trigger specific responses at the cellular or systemic level. Drug receptors can be found on the surfaces of cells or within...

Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Exposure, Response and Effect

Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Exposure, Response and Effect

The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) relationship describes the intricate link between drug exposure, efficacy, and toxicity, forming the foundation for optimal dosing regimens. This relationship uses mathematical modeling to characterize drug concentration-effect dynamics, ensuring precise therapeutic outcomes.Exposure represents the pharmacokinetic aspect of the PK-PD relationship, denoting the drug amount that elicits a biological response. It is typically quantified by administered...

Pharmacodynamic Models: Direct Effect Model and Indirect Response Model

Pharmacodynamic Models: Direct Effect Model and Indirect Response Model

Pharmacodynamic models are essential tools in understanding the relationship between drug concentrations and their effects on biological systems. By characterizing the dynamics of drug action, these models guide dose selection, optimize therapeutic efficacy, and inform the development of new drugs. Two major classes of pharmacodynamic models include direct effect and indirect response models.Direct Effect ModelsDirect effect models describe the immediate relationship between drug concentration...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Introduction to Single-cell Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic (scPBPK) Models.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Regulation of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B-type transport function by the protein kinase LYN.

Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals·2025

Same author

Network analyses of brain tumor multiomic data reveal pharmacological opportunities to alter cell state transitions.

NPJ systems biology and applications·2025

Same author

Multiscale mapping of transcriptomic signatures for cardiotoxic drugs.

Nature communications·2024

Same author

Network Analyses of Brain Tumor Patients' Multiomic Data Reveals Pharmacological Opportunities to Alter Cell State Transitions.

Research square·2024

Same author

Network Analyses of Brain Tumor Patients' Multiomic Data Reveals Pharmacological Opportunities to Alter Cell State Transitions.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Preparation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Pellets and Plasma from a Single Blood Draw at Clinical Trial Sites for Biomarker Analysis

Preparation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Pellets and Plasma from a Single Blood Draw at Clinical Trial Sites for Biomarker Analysis

Published on: March 20, 2021

Pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic-driven drug development.

James M Gallo¹

¹Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. james.gallo@mssm.edu

The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, New York

|August 6, 2010

Summary

This review examines pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies in anticancer drug development. It identifies current deficiencies and proposes strategies to improve the transition from preclinical research to clinical trials.

More Related Videos

An Organotypic High Throughput System for Characterization of Drug Sensitivity of Primary Multiple Myeloma Cells

An Organotypic High Throughput System for Characterization of Drug Sensitivity of Primary Multiple Myeloma Cells

Published on: July 15, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Preparation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Pellets and Plasma from a Single Blood Draw at Clinical Trial Sites for Biomarker Analysis

Preparation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Pellets and Plasma from a Single Blood Draw at Clinical Trial Sites for Biomarker Analysis

Published on: March 20, 2021

An Organotypic High Throughput System for Characterization of Drug Sensitivity of Primary Multiple Myeloma Cells

An Organotypic High Throughput System for Characterization of Drug Sensitivity of Primary Multiple Myeloma Cells

Published on: July 15, 2015

Area of Science:

Pharmacology
Translational Medicine
Drug Development

Background:

Drug discovery is shifting from industry to academia, driven by translational science initiatives.
Translational medicine's "bench to bedside" approach aligns with the drug development pipeline.
Academic involvement offers a chance to innovate traditional drug development methodologies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the application of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies in drug development.
To highlight limitations in current pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study designs.
To propose novel strategies for integrating preclinical and clinical drug development.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies.
Analysis of current practices in anticancer drug development.
Identification of deficiencies and areas for improvement.

Main Results:

Current pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies in drug development have limitations.
There is a need for enhanced strategies to bridge preclinical and clinical phases.
Anticancer drug development serves as a case study for these issues.

Conclusions:

Optimizing pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies is crucial for effective drug development.
Innovative approaches are needed to improve the translation of drug candidates.
Addressing current deficiencies can accelerate the delivery of new therapies.