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Related Concept Videos

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...

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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:54

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: March 15, 2018

DNA damage and polyploidization.

Jeremy Chow1, Randy Y C Poon

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|August 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polyploidization, or cells with extra chromosomes, can arise from DNA damage and checkpoint defects. This process contributes to cancer and may offer new therapeutic targets.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Polyploidization is linked to chromosomal instability and tumorigenesis.
  • DNA damage plays a crucial role in promoting polyploidization.
  • DNA damage checkpoints normally halt the cell cycle but can be bypassed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mechanisms linking DNA damage to polyploidization.
  • To understand the role of cell cycle checkpoints in this process.
  • To investigate polyploidization as a potential therapeutic target.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on DNA damage, cell cycle checkpoints, and polyploidization.
  • Analysis of mechanisms causing mitotic entry with damaged DNA.
  • Examination of the interplay between cytokinesis failure, checkpoint defects, and polyploid formation.

Main Results:

  • Uncoupling or defects in DNA damage checkpoints can lead to mitotic entry with damaged DNA.
  • This can cause chromosome segregation errors, aborting cytokinesis.
  • Combined with p53 pathway defects, this can result in polyploid cells.

Conclusions:

  • DNA damage is a significant driver of polyploidization.
  • Polyploidization itself may influence sensitivity to DNA damage.
  • These findings suggest novel therapeutic strategies targeting polyploidization in cancer.