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Related Concept Videos

Inductance: Solid Cylindrical Conductor01:24

Inductance: Solid Cylindrical Conductor

To calculate the inductance of a solid cylindrical conductor, consider a 1-meter section of a non-magnetic, current-carrying conductor with radius r. Disregarding end effects and assuming uniform current density, Ampere's law helps determine the magnetic field inside the conductor. This law states that the magnetic field intensity H is concentric and constant within the conductor.
Given the uniform current distribution, the magnetic field Hx and flux density Bx inside the conductor are...
Electrical Conductivity01:13

Electrical Conductivity

In perfect conductors, the electric field inside is always zero due to the abundance of free electrons, which nullify any field by flowing. As a result, any residual charge resides on the surface.
In a practical conductor, an applied electric field may be sustained, causing a flow of electrons, which produce a current. The differential form of the current, the current density, is related to the electric field.
More generally, it is related to the force per unit charge, which involves the...
Resistance and Conductance01:25

Resistance and Conductance

A conductor's DC resistance at a given temperature is influenced by its resistivity, length, and cross-sectional area. Resistivity is an inherent property of the conductor material, with annealed copper serving as the international standard for measurement. For instance, the resistivity of hard-drawn aluminum at 20 degrees Celsius is 61% of the standard conductivity of annealed copper.
Various factors impact the resistance of a conductor. Spiraling in stranded conductors increases their length...
Inductance: Single-Phase And Three-Phase Line01:28

Inductance: Single-Phase And Three-Phase Line

Understanding the inductance of transmission lines is crucial for efficient design and operation in electrical power systems. This discussion delves into the inductance characteristics of single-phase two-wire and three-phase three-wire transmission lines with equal phase spacing.
Single-Phase Two-Wire Line:
A single-phase line consists of two solid cylindrical conductors, denoted as x and y. Each conductor carries phasor currents ix and iy, respectively. Given that the sum of these currents is...
Resistivity01:22

Resistivity

When a voltage is applied to a conductor, an electrical field is generated, and charges in the conductor feel the force due to the electrical field. The current density that results depends on the electrical field and the properties of the material. In some materials, including metals at a given temperature, the current density is approximately proportional to the electrical field. In these cases, the current density can be modeled as:
Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials
05:20

Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials

Published on: January 26, 2014

Inductive conductivity tensor measurement for flowline or material samples.

John L Kickhofel1, Amine Mohamide, Jonatan Jalfin

  • 1Schlumberger Oilfield Services, Sugar Land Product Center, 110 Schlumberger Drive, Sugar Land, Texas 77478, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|August 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel inductive apparatus for accurate electrical conductivity tensor measurements. The noninvasive system overcomes limitations of traditional methods, offering high resolution for geological core analysis and material characterization.

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Materials Science
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Galvanic-based electrical conductivity measurements face limitations in geological core analysis, including accuracy issues and complex corrections.
  • Existing low-accuracy methods (crucible, two-electrode, four-electrode) have current-path constraints, while high-accuracy techniques are time-intensive and have narrow applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel apparatus for noninvasive, noncontact electrical conductivity tensor measurements.
  • To overcome the limitations of traditional galvanic-based methods in material characterization, particularly for geological cores.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel apparatus inspired by triaxial induction logging technology.
  • Implementation of noninvasive, noncontact inductive measurement principles.
  • Achieving electrical conductivity tensor measurements with a resolution of 5 mS/m.

Main Results:

  • The novel apparatus enables accurate electrical conductivity tensor measurements.
  • The system demonstrates a resolution of 5 mS/m, surpassing limitations of existing techniques.
  • Noninvasive and noncontact measurement capabilities were achieved.

Conclusions:

  • The developed inductive apparatus offers a significant advancement for electrical conductivity measurements.
  • This technology is highly applicable to anisotropic geological core analysis.
  • The apparatus can be utilized for characterizing arbitrary material samples and flowline systems.