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Development of the Heart

Development of the Heart

The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
As the embryo undergoes lateral folding, these paired tubes approach each other, merging into a single primitive heart tube by...

Development of Blood Vessels

Development of Blood Vessels

The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
The initial formation of this system is facilitated by the small amount of yolk present in the ovum and yolk sac. Blood vessels originate from...

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A Novel Ex Ovo Banding Technique to Alter Intracardiac Hemodynamics in an Embryonic Chicken System

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Functional plasticity of the developing cardiovascular system: examples from different vertebrates.

Bernd Pelster¹, A C Gittenberger-de Groot, R E Poelmann

¹Institute of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria. bernd.pelster@uibk.ac.at

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology : PBZ

|August 7, 2010

Summary

Developmental physiology reveals that early life adaptations are crucial for species survival and often differ from adult patterns. Environmental factors significantly influence phenotype, showcasing flexibility and plasticity in physiological processes.

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Area of Science:

Comparative physiology and biochemistry
Developmental physiology

Background:

Physiological measurements on small, embryonic, and larval organisms are now possible.
Early life stages offer unique insights not available in adult organisms.
Physiological adaptations in early life are critical for species survival.

Purpose of the Study:

Introduce technical advances in developmental physiology.
Discuss the developing cardiovascular system in vertebrates.
Demonstrate the flexibility and plasticity of early developmental stages.

Main Methods:

Exemplary studies from the Fourth International Conference in Africa for Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry.
Analysis of physiological processes in developing organisms.
Investigation of cardiovascular system development.

Main Results:

Early developmental stages exhibit unique physiological rules.
Phenotype is shaped by genetic information and environmental factors.
Environmental factors influence flexibility and plasticity in physiological processes.

Conclusions:

Development is not stereotyped; phenotypes are adaptable.
The cardiovascular system's development is influenced by fluid forces, oxygen, ions, and chemical environment.
Early life physiology demonstrates significant plasticity.