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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Measuring Frailty in HIV-infected Individuals. Identification of Frail Patients is the First Step to Amelioration and Reversal of Frailty
05:53

Measuring Frailty in HIV-infected Individuals. Identification of Frail Patients is the First Step to Amelioration and Reversal of Frailty

Published on: July 24, 2013

[Cardiovascular risk in HIV infected patients]

Pedro Raimundo1, A Miranda, J Ribeiro

  • 1Serviço de Medicina Interna - Unidade Funcional 1.2, Hospital São José (CHLC), Lisboa.

Acta Medica Portuguesa
|August 7, 2010
PubMed

Insights

HIV infection and its treatment increase cardiovascular risk. Endothelial dysfunction and metabolic issues contribute to early atherosclerosis, necessitating tailored prevention and optimized therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • HIV infection is associated with increased cardiovascular risk.
  • Antiretroviral therapy (ART) may also contribute to cardiovascular complications.
  • Endothelial dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities are key mechanisms involved.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the elevated cardiovascular risk in patients with HIV.
  • To discuss the underlying mechanisms linking HIV and ART to cardiovascular disease.
  • To emphasize the need for improved prevention and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on HIV, ART, and cardiovascular risk.
  • Analysis of the pathophysiological links between HIV infection, ART, and atherosclerosis.
  • Discussion of current and potential therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • Both HIV infection and ART are implicated in heightened cardiovascular risk.
  • Endothelial dysfunction and metabolic disturbances predispose to premature atherosclerosis.
  • Early identification of risk is crucial for effective management.

Conclusions:

  • Patients with HIV are at increased risk for cardiovascular events.
  • Management strategies should focus on preventing atherosclerosis.
  • Optimizing ART and utilizing lipid-lowering agents are key therapeutic approaches.

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