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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

49.2K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
49.2K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Constructing an Olfactometer for Rodent Olfactory Behavior Studies Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling
08:36

Constructing an Olfactometer for Rodent Olfactory Behavior Studies Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling

Published on: April 11, 2025

954

Methods for building an inexpensive computer-controlled olfactometer for temporally-precise experiments.

Johan N Lundström1, Amy R Gordon, Eva C Alden

  • 1Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States.

International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology
|August 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed an affordable and easy-to-build olfactometer using off-the-shelf parts for precise odor delivery in human olfactory experiments. This device ensures fast stimulus presentation and is compatible with event-related EEG recordings.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Engineering

Background:

  • Human olfactory experiments require precise control over stimulus timing, including fast and stable stimulus-rise and stimulus-onset times.
  • Existing olfactometers are often expensive or technically demanding to construct and operate, posing a barrier for researchers.
  • The need for accessible and reliable olfactometry is critical for advancing olfactory research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the construction of a low-cost, user-friendly olfactometer using readily available components.
  • To demonstrate the olfactometer's capability for fast and stable odorant delivery.
  • To validate the olfactometer's suitability for use in conjunction with event-related electroencephalography (EEG) experiments.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of an olfactometer primarily from "off-the-shelf" parts, requiring minimal technical expertise.
  • Integration with E-Prime software for precise experimental control and stimulus presentation.
  • Performance evaluation using a photo-ionization detector for odor onset and concentration measurements, and GC/MS analysis for signal stability.
  • Testing the olfactometer's compatibility with behavioral and psychophysiological recordings, specifically event-related EEG.

Main Results:

  • The constructed olfactometer utilizes "off-the-shelf" components, is inexpensive, and requires little technical expertise.
  • The device achieves fast stimulus-rise times and stable stimulus-onset times for both solid and liquid odor sources.
  • Odor onset and concentration curves were measured, showing minimal signal-intensity drop (5.9%) over extended use.
  • Behavioral and psychophysiological data confirmed the olfactometer's suitability for event-related EEG experiments.

Conclusions:

  • This study presents a practical, cost-effective, and easy-to-build olfactometer for precise odor delivery in human olfactory research.
  • The olfactometer meets the temporal demands of olfactory experiments and is compatible with advanced neuroimaging techniques like EEG.
  • The developed system lowers the barrier to entry for researchers needing reliable olfactometry, facilitating further investigation into olfactory perception and cognition.