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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder
07:51

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Published on: June 18, 2018

Anatomical differences and network characteristics underlying smoking cue reactivity.

Xiaochu Zhang1, Betty Jo Salmeron, Thomas J Ross

  • 1Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.

Neuroimage
|August 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals how brain connectivity and structure changes in smokers influence responses to smoking cues. Altered neural pathways in areas like the dlPFC may underlie impaired cognitive control and cue salience.

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Published on: August 6, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Drug cue reactivity involves a distributed brain network.
  • Underlying neural mechanisms of smoking cue salience, including structural and functional brain differences, remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between smoking cue-induced brain activity, resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), and structural differences in key brain regions.
  • To explore the neurobiological underpinnings of impaired cognitive control in smokers.

Main Methods:

  • Functional arterial spin labeling (fASL) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were used to scan 22 smokers and 22 controls.
  • Participants viewed smoking-related and neutral images during fASL scans.
  • rsFC, gray matter density, and tonic neuronal activity were analyzed in identified brain regions.

Main Results:

  • Smokers showed significant cue-elicited activity in the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), and insula.
  • rsFC between rACC and dlPFC, and dlPFC and dmPFC, positively correlated with cue-elicited activity.
  • Reduced gray matter density in the dlPFC of smokers correlated with cue-elicited activity, suggesting impaired cognitive control.

Conclusions:

  • Specific brain circuits, including connections between rACC, dlPFC, dmPFC, and insula, are implicated in processing smoking cue salience.
  • Decreased dlPFC gray matter density in smokers is linked to cue-elicited activity, potentially underlying impaired cognitive control.
  • Findings suggest novel therapeutic targets for smoking cessation interventions.