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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure
Published on: February 8, 2022
Recommendations for transoesophageal echocardiography: update 2010
F A Flachskampf1, L Badano, W G Daniel
1Med.Klinik 2, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany. frank.flachskampf@uk-erlangen.de
Abstract:
Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) is a standard and indispensable technique in clinical practice. The present recommendations represent an update and extension of the recommendations published in 2001 by the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology. New developments covered include technical advances such as 3D transoesophageal echo as well as developing applications such as transoesophageal echo in aortic valve repair and in valvular interventions, as well as a full section on perioperative TOE.
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