Identifying and managing cow's milk protein allergy

Area of Science:

• Pediatrics
• Allergy Immunology
• Clinical Nutrition

Background:

• Cow's milk protein (CMP) is a common early food for infants.
• CMP can cause various adverse reactions affecting skin, GI tract, and respiratory system.
• Understanding CMP allergy classification and diagnosis is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the broad spectrum of cow's milk protein allergy manifestations.
• To provide an approach to diagnosing and treating CMP allergy.
• To highlight diagnostic challenges and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on CMP allergy.
• Analysis of classification and immunological basis of CMP-induced reactions.
• Evaluation of diagnostic modalities and treatment approaches.

Main Results:

• CMP allergy presents with immediate (IgE-mediated) and delayed-onset reactions.
• Delayed reactions include GI symptoms and chronic eczema.
• Accurate diagnosis requires understanding immunological mechanisms and diagnostic tool limitations.

Conclusions:

• Cow's milk protein allergy encompasses a wide range of symptoms.
• Effective management involves accurate diagnosis and dietary avoidance.
• Dietetic support is essential to prevent nutritional deficiencies during CMP avoidance.