Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Deactivation Processes: Jablonski Diagram01:25

Deactivation Processes: Jablonski Diagram

Luminescence, the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed energy, is a process that involves the interaction of molecules with light. The energy-level diagram, or Jablonski diagram, is a graphical representation of these interactions, illustrating the various states and transitions a molecule can undergo. In a typical Jablonski diagram, the lowest horizontal line represents the ground-state energy of the molecule, which is usually a singlet state. This state represents the energies...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Valence Bond Theory02:45

Valence Bond Theory

Overview of Valence Bond Theory
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission01:14

Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission

Molecules possess discrete energy levels called quantum states. Unlike atoms, which have simpler energy levels, molecules possess additional rotational and vibrational energy levels. Each energy level is separated by an energy gap, with the gaps between adjacent electronic, vibrational, and rotational levels varying significantly. The three types of energy levels in a diatomic molecule are shown in Figure 1.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Organic light-emitting diode-based photodynamic therapy treats bacterial infection in a preclinical <i>ex vivo</i> burn wound model.

Burns & trauma·2026
Same author

Interaction of Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity PIM‑1 with Explosive Analytes at the Molecular Level: Combined Experiment and Computational Modeling.

The journal of physical chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and interfaces·2026
Same author

Corrigendum to "Photodynamic therapy offers a novel approach to managing miltefosine-resistant cutaneous leishmaniasis" [Biomed. Pharmacother. 177 (2024) 116881].

Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie·2026
Same author

Novel 4,8-benzobisthiazole copolymers and their field-effect transistor and photovoltaic applications.

Journal of materials chemistry. C·2026
Same author

Analysis and control of untemplated DNA polymerase activity for guided synthesis of kilobase-scale DNA sequences.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Absolute Calibration for Cyclic Voltammetry from the Solution-Phase Ionisation of Ferrocene.

ACS electrochemistry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry
16:11

Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 8, 2022

Vibrational energy flow controls internal conversion in a transition metal complex.

Gordon J Hedley1, Arvydas Ruseckas, Ifor D W Samuel

  • 1Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS, United Kingdom.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A
|August 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Internal conversion (IC) between excited states in iridium complexes is crucial for solar cells. Fast IC (<20 fs) slows dramatically when vibrational energy dissipation is required, controlling relaxation.

More Related Videos

A Technical Guide for Performing Spectroscopic Measurements on Metal-Organic Frameworks
10:13

A Technical Guide for Performing Spectroscopic Measurements on Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: April 28, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry
16:11

Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 8, 2022

A Technical Guide for Performing Spectroscopic Measurements on Metal-Organic Frameworks
10:13

A Technical Guide for Performing Spectroscopic Measurements on Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: April 28, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Photophysics
  • Quantum Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Internal conversion (IC) is a key process in excited electronic states, impacting UV protection, energy transfer, and electron injection in artificial photosynthesis and organic solar cells.
  • Understanding IC dynamics is vital for designing efficient optoelectronic materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the ultrafast internal conversion (IC) dynamics between three singlet metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) states in an iridium complex.
  • To elucidate the role of vibrational energy dissipation in controlling IC rates.

Main Methods:

  • Femtosecond fluorescence spectroscopy was employed to monitor the temporal evolution of excited states.
  • Time-resolved measurements allowed for the characterization of IC processes on femtosecond timescales.

Main Results:

  • A very fast IC process with a time constant of less than 20 fs was observed from the highest singlet MLCT state.
  • A significantly slower relaxation to the lowest energy singlet state occurred on a 70 fs timescale.
  • The relaxation rate abruptly slowed when over 0.6 eV of vibrational energy accumulated, necessitating intramolecular vibrational redistribution (IVR).

Conclusions:

  • Vibrational energy dissipation, particularly through IVR, acts as a critical bottleneck that can control the rate of internal conversion in these iridium complexes.
  • The findings provide insights into managing excited-state dynamics for applications in artificial photosynthesis and organic solar cells.