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Related Concept Videos

Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:33

Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, is an analytical technique that employs two mass analyzers. Essentially it is a series of mass spectrometers that helps isolate a particular biomolecule and then helps study its chemical properties.
This technique helps gather information regarding the protein from which the peptide was obtained and to study the peptides’ amino acid sequence. Identifying peptides from a complex mixture is an important component of the growing field of...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry01:19

MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

Mass spectrometry is a powerful characterization technique that can identify and separate a wide variety of compounds ranging from chemical to biological entities, based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The instruments that allow this detection, known as mass spectrometers, have three components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. These spectrometers differ based on the nature of their ion source and analyzers.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a commonly...
Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

TMT Sample Preparation for Proteomics Facility Submission and Subsequent Data Analysis
07:44

TMT Sample Preparation for Proteomics Facility Submission and Subsequent Data Analysis

Published on: June 8, 2020

Thyroid hormone testing by tandem mass spectrometry.

Offie P Soldin1, Steven J Soldin

  • 1Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA. os35@georgetown.edu

Clinical Biochemistry
|August 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate thyroid hormone testing is crucial for patient health. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) offers superior accuracy and specificity compared to immunoassays, especially in complex conditions like pregnancy.

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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones are vital for metabolism, but most circulate protein-bound, complicating accurate measurement.
  • Current immunoassays for free thyroxine are susceptible to protein-binding interference, affecting diagnostic reliability.
  • Accurate assessment of thyroid hormone levels is essential for diagnosing and managing metabolic and endocrine disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the limitations of traditional immunoassays in thyroid hormone testing.
  • To review the advantages of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) for thyroid hormone analysis.
  • To emphasize the role of LC/MS/MS in improving diagnostic accuracy, particularly in protein-binding-affected states.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on thyroid hormone immunoassays and LC/MS/MS techniques.
  • Comparison of immunoassay limitations (e.g., protein-binding dependency, specificity issues) with LC/MS/MS capabilities.
  • Discussion of advancements in LC/MS/MS, including improved quantification limits and reduced need for derivatization.

Main Results:

  • Immunoassays demonstrate significant binding protein dependency, leading to potential inaccuracies in free thyroxine measurements.
  • LC/MS/MS methods provide enhanced specificity and accuracy, overcoming limitations of immunoassays.
  • Advanced LC/MS/MS offers superior limits of quantification and precision for reliable thyroid hormone profiling.

Conclusions:

  • LC/MS/MS represents a significant advancement in thyroid hormone testing, offering improved diagnostic capabilities.
  • These methods are particularly valuable in clinical scenarios like pregnancy and disease states where protein binding significantly impacts results.
  • The adoption of LC/MS/MS enhances the reliability of thyroid hormone measurements, aiding in better patient management.