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Updated: Jun 10, 2026
Modulating Shape of Polyester Based Polymersomes using Osmotic Pressure
Published on: April 21, 2021
Polymer particle shape independently influences binding and internalization by macrophages
Gaurav Sharma1, David T Valenta, Yoav Altman
1Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Abstract:
The interaction of macrophages with micro and nanoparticles (MNPs) is important because these cells clear particles from the circulation, and because they are potential therapeutic targets in inflammatory conditions, atherosclerosis and cancer. Therefore, an understanding of the features of MNPs that influence their interaction with macrophages may allow optimization of their properties for enhanced drug delivery. In this study, we show that particle shape impacts phagocytosis by macrophages, and more importantly, that particle shape and size separately impact attachment and internalization. The study provides a methodology for further exploring how particle shape can be controlled to achieve desired attachment and internalization. The results of the study also give mechanistic guidance on how particle shape can be manipulated to design drug carriers to evade macrophages, or alternatively to target macrophages.
Insights
Particle shape and size significantly influence how macrophages interact with micro and nanoparticles (MNPs). Understanding these factors can optimize MNPs for targeted drug delivery or evasion strategies.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Cell Biology
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Macrophages play a crucial role in clearing circulating micro and nanoparticles (MNPs).
- These immune cells are key targets in diseases like cancer and atherosclerosis, and in inflammatory conditions.
- Optimizing MNP properties is vital for effective drug delivery and therapeutic strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how micro and nanoparticle (MNP) shape and size influence macrophage interactions.
- To provide a framework for controlling MNP shape for specific cellular uptake behaviors.
- To guide the design of MNPs for targeted macrophage engagement or evasion.
Main Methods:
- Investigated macrophage interactions with MNPs of varying shapes and sizes.
- Quantified particle attachment and internalization by macrophages.
- Developed a methodology for controlling MNP shape for targeted cellular interactions.
Main Results:
- Particle shape was found to significantly impact macrophage phagocytosis.
- Both particle shape and size independently influenced MNP attachment to macrophages.
- Both particle shape and size independently influenced MNP internalization by macrophages.
Conclusions:
- MNP shape and size are critical determinants of macrophage interaction.
- Controlling MNP shape offers a strategy to modulate cellular uptake.
- This research provides insights for designing drug carriers that can either target or evade macrophages.
