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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Development and Angiographic Use of the Rabbit VX2 Model for Liver Cancer
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Development and Angiographic Use of the Rabbit VX2 Model for Liver Cancer

Published on: January 7, 2019

A rabbit model for selective portal vein embolization.

Wilmar de Graaf1, Jacomina W van den Esschert, Krijn P van Lienden

  • 1Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

The Journal of Surgical Research
|August 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary

A new rabbit model for portal vein embolization (PVE) was developed. This PVE model accurately mimics the human clinical procedure, enabling further research into liver regeneration.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatobiliary surgery
  • Surgical research
  • Animal models

Background:

  • Portal vein embolization (PVE) is crucial for increasing future remnant liver volume.
  • A standardized animal model is needed to address unresolved PVE-related issues.
  • This study introduces a novel rabbit model for PVE.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a standardized rabbit model for PVE.
  • To assess the feasibility and reproducibility of PVE in rabbits.
  • To provide a platform for investigating PVE-induced liver regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty female New Zealand white rabbits underwent PVE using polyvinyl-alcohol particles and coils.
  • Two protocols with varying particle sizes and coil numbers were employed.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

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  • CT-volumetry, ICG clearance, blood sampling, and portography were performed pre-PVE and at multiple time points post-PVE.

    • Main Results:

    • PVE was technically feasible in rabbits, with CT-volumetry correlating well with actual liver volume.
    • The highest liver hypertrophy response occurred at day 7 post-PVE, linked to hepatocyte proliferation.
    • Protocol 2, using smaller particles and more coils, showed reduced revascularization and the greatest hypertrophy, with minimal transaminase elevation and no impact on liver function parameters.

    Conclusions:

    • A rabbit model for PVE that closely resembles the human clinical scenario was successfully established.
    • This model is suitable for further research into PVE and liver regeneration.
    • The findings support the clinical relevance of PVE in managing liver conditions.