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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management

AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
Pericarditis I: Introduction01:22

Pericarditis I: Introduction

Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Cardiac involvement in systemic rheumatic diseases: An update.

Piercarlo Sarzi-Puttini1, Fabiola Atzeni, Roberto Gerli

  • 1L. Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy. sarzi@tiscali.it

Autoimmunity Reviews
|August 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Patients with systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs) face high cardiovascular risks due to accelerated atherosclerosis. Early detection of subclinical cardiac issues in SAD patients is crucial for better outcomes.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs) are linked to elevated cardiovascular (CV) mortality and morbidity.
  • Traditional atherosclerosis risk factors do not fully explain the increased CV risk in SAD patients.
  • Chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and disease activity contribute to accelerated atherosclerosis in SADs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the role of chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation in atherosclerosis development in SAD patients.
  • To emphasize that subclinical cardiovascular involvement in SADs begins early and progresses with disease duration.
  • To stress the importance of early detection and management of subclinical cardiac involvement in asymptomatic SAD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on the pathogenetic role of chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation in atherosclerosis in SADs.
  • Analysis of the impact of standard therapies, cytokines, and disease activity on accelerated atherosclerosis.
  • Examination of the effects of SADs on all cardiac structures and clinical manifestations.

Main Results:

  • Chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation are key contributors to atherosclerosis in SADs.
  • Subclinical cardiovascular involvement is common, starting early and worsening with disease duration.
  • Cardiac structures including valves, myocardium, and coronary arteries can be affected, leading to diverse clinical presentations.

Conclusions:

  • Accelerated atherosclerosis in SADs is multifactorial, involving inflammation, immune responses, and disease activity.
  • Subclinical cardiac involvement is a significant complication of SADs, associated with poor prognosis.
  • Early screening and intervention for cardiac complications in asymptomatic SAD patients are essential for improving patient outcomes.