Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...

Cross-reactivity

Cross-reactivity

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Intrafractional stability of MR-guided online adaptive SBRT for prostate cancer.

Radiation oncology (London, England)·2021

Same author

Interspecies assessment factors and skin sensitization risk assessment.

Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP·2018

Same author

The use of cell culture platforms to identify novel markers of bone and dentin resorption.

Orthodontics & craniofacial research·2017

Same author

Vemurafenib in metastatic melanoma patients with brain metastases: an open-label, single-arm, phase 2, multicentre study.

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·2016

Same author

Advice for patients with hair dye allergy remains 'stop using permanent hair dyes'.

The British journal of dermatology·2016

Same author

Skin sensitization: Implications for integration of clinical data into hazard identification and risk assessment.

Human & experimental toxicology·2015

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Application of Biochip Microfluidic Technology to Detect Serum Allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (sIgE)

Application of Biochip Microfluidic Technology to Detect Serum Allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (sIgE)

Published on: April 21, 2019

An expert system rulebase for identifying contact allergens.

M D Barratt¹, D A Basketter, M Chamberlain

¹Unilever Environmental Safety Laboratory, Sharnbrook, Bedford MK44 1LQ, UK.

Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA

|August 10, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed 40 structure-activity rules to identify skin sensitizers, or contact allergens, using an expert system. This advances in vitro methods for prospective toxicological identification.

More Related Videos

A Mouse Ear Model for Allergic Contact Dermatitis Evaluation

A Mouse Ear Model for Allergic Contact Dermatitis Evaluation

Published on: March 24, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Application of Biochip Microfluidic Technology to Detect Serum Allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (sIgE)

Application of Biochip Microfluidic Technology to Detect Serum Allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (sIgE)

Published on: April 21, 2019

A Mouse Ear Model for Allergic Contact Dermatitis Evaluation

A Mouse Ear Model for Allergic Contact Dermatitis Evaluation

Published on: March 24, 2023

Area of Science:

Toxicology
Computational Chemistry
Dermatology

Background:

Current in vitro methods are insufficient for prospective identification of skin sensitizers (contact allergens).
Expert systems can integrate chemical structure-toxicity knowledge.
The guinea pig maximization test (GPMT) is a standard method for assessing skin sensitization potential.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a computational expert system for the prospective identification of skin sensitizers.
To derive structure-activity rules for skin sensitization based on existing data.
To enhance the strategic approach for identifying contact allergens.

Main Methods:

Utilized a historical database of 294 substances tested using the guinea pig maximization test (GPMT).
Grouped substances by likely reaction mechanisms with skin proteins.
Derived empirical structure-activity rules for chemical functionalities lacking identified mechanisms.
Incorporated 40 derived rules into the DEREK expert system.

Main Results:

Successfully derived 40 structure-activity rules for skin sensitization.
Integrated these rules into the DEREK expert system.
Established a foundation for prospective identification of contact allergens.

Conclusions:

The DEREK expert system, equipped with 40 structure-activity rules, represents a significant advancement in the prospective identification of skin sensitizers.
This computational approach aids in the strategic identification of contact allergens, potentially reducing reliance on animal testing.
Further development of such expert systems is crucial for improving in vitro toxicological assessments.