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Related Concept Videos

Passive Filters01:27

Passive Filters

Passive filters are utilized to shape the frequency spectrum of signals across a diverse array of applications. These filters, using only passive elements like resistors (R), inductors (L), and capacitors (C), are capable of selectively allowing or blocking certain frequency ranges without the need for external power sources.
Low-Pass Filters
Low-pass filters are designed to transmit signals with frequencies lower than the cutoff frequency, ωc, and attenuate those above it. The cutoff frequency...
Active Filters01:25

Active Filters

Active filters are electronic circuits that use operational amplifiers (op-amps), resistors, and capacitors to filter out unwanted frequency components from a signal. A first-order low-pass active filter is designed to pass signals with a frequency lower than a certain cutoff frequency and attenuate frequencies higher than that cutoff frequency. The transfer function for a first-order low-pass active filter is:
Bandpass Sampling01:17

Bandpass Sampling

In signal processing, bandpass sampling is an effective technique for sampling signals that have most of their energy concentrated within a narrow frequency band. This type of signal is known as a bandpass signal. The key principle of bandpass sampling involves sampling the signal at a rate that is greater than twice the signal's bandwidth to prevent aliasing.
A bandpass signal has a spectrum with a lower frequency limit, denoted as ω1, and an upper frequency limit, denoted as ω2. The spectrum...
Design Example01:23

Design Example

The innovation of touch-tone telephony revolutionized the telecommunications industry by replacing the traditional rotary dial with a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling system. This system uses a matrix-style keypad with buttons arranged in four rows and three columns, creating 12 distinct signals each assigned to a pair of frequencies. Each button press results in a simultaneous generation of two sinusoidal tones – one from a low-frequency group (697 to 941 Hz) and one from a...
Frequency Response of Op Amp Circuits01:20

Frequency Response of Op Amp Circuits

Operational amplifiers (op-amp) are used in signal conditioning, filtering, or for performing mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, integration, and differentiation. The frequency response of an op-amp is an important aspect that describes how the gain of the amplifier varies with frequency.
Frequency Response and Gain:
The gain of the op-amp, A(ω), is not a constant but a function of the input signal frequency. An op-amp can maintain a constant gain at low frequencies, known...
Cascaded Op Amps01:16

Cascaded Op Amps

Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are versatile electronic components that can be interconnected in a cascade - one after another in a linear sequence. This cascading is possible due to their infinite input resistance and zero output resistance, allowing them to maintain their input-output relationships even when connected in series.
In a cascaded system, each op-amp is referred to as a stage. The output of one stage drives the input of the subsequent stage. As the input signal passes through...

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An engineered mammalian band-pass network.

David Greber1, Martin Fussenegger

  • 1Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland.

Nucleic Acids Research
|August 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists engineered a synthetic gene circuit for precise cellular detection of morphogen gradients. This band-pass system controls gene expression, enabling patterned cell differentiation and potential applications in tissue engineering and biosensing.

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic biology
  • Molecular and Cell Biology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Gene expression circuits are crucial for cellular responses to morphogen gradients in development and signaling.
  • Understanding these circuits informs processes like embryonic pattern formation and cellular migration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To rationally synthesize a synthetic genetic circuit with band-pass detection characteristics.
  • To engineer mammalian cells capable of patterned differentiation using this circuit.

Main Methods:

  • Designed and fine-tuned multiply linked mammalian trans-activator and -repressor control systems.
  • Utilized in silico predictions and experimental validation to match componentry for threshold separation.
  • Integrated the circuit with a fluorescence-encoded target gene for cellular engineering.

Main Results:

  • Successfully created a synthetic gene circuit exhibiting precise low and high threshold detection of morphogen (tetracycline) concentrations.
  • Demonstrated that component matching is key for functional band-pass detection.
  • Engineered mammalian cells that form a band-like differentiation pattern in response to a tetracycline gradient.

Conclusions:

  • The synthetic band-pass gene circuit enables precise detection of morphogen levels, mimicking natural gene behaviors.
  • This work offers insights into biological pattern formation and advances potential applications in tissue engineering, gene therapy, and biosensing.