[The nutrition of young diabetic patients]

Objectives of management of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in pediatric patients include elimination of symptoms, achievement of normal growth and maintenance of blood glucose levels close to normal values. Nutritional management can contribute to achievement of these goals. In non-overweight children with diabetes mellitus, energy intake should not be restricted and distribution of nutrients should be identical to that recommended in normal children. Except in specific circumstances, reduced intake of pure, sweet-tasting carbohydrates is desirable. The central point is appropriate distribution of the main meals and snacks throughout the day. Food intake should occur at the times of peak insulin activity to avoid both hypoglycemia and postprandial hyperglycemia. Nutritional recommendations for the child and family should be part of the general guidelines for healthy eating appropriate for all individuals. Nutrition education, as well as education on use of insulin, are components of a program aimed at providing the patient with knowledge and know-how. Correction of eating mistakes and optimal adjustment of insulin dosages are the two main aspects of daily therapy.