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Related Concept Videos

Potentiometry: Overview01:06

Potentiometry: Overview

Potentiometry is an analytical technique that measures the potential difference between two electrodes in an electrochemical cell without drawing any significant current that could alter the solution's composition. This method employs an indicator electrode, which exchanges electrons with the analyte solution, and a reference electrode with a constant potential. Each electrode is immersed in a solution comprised of two half-cells. In a conventional setup, the reference electrode serves as the...
Standard Electrode Potentials03:02

Standard Electrode Potentials

On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
Junction Potentials in Galvanic Cells01:21

Junction Potentials in Galvanic Cells

The Nernst equation, derived under the assumption of thermodynamic equilibrium, calculates the electromotive force (emf) as the sum of potential differences at phase boundaries in a reversible cell without a liquid junction. However, in irreversible cells such as the Daniell cell, an additional potential difference named the liquid-junction potential (EJ) arises across the interface of two electrolyte solutions due to different ion diffusion rates. This EJ represents the potential difference...
Electrodes: Overview01:17

Electrodes: Overview

Electrochemical measurements are conducted in an electrochemical cell composed of various components that control and measure the current and potential. One fundamental component is electrodes, conductive materials that enable electron transfer reactions at their surfaces.
There are two main types of electrodes in electrochemical cells. The first type, known as the working or indicator electrode, has a potential that is sensitive to the analyte's concentration and reacts to changes in the...
Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods01:17

Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods

Controlled-potential coulometry, also known as potentiostatic coulometry, employs a three-electrode system in which the working electrode's potential is precisely regulated using a potentiostat. Platinum working electrodes are utilized for positive potentials, while mercury pool electrodes are favored for extremely negative potentials. The platinum counter electrode is separated from the analyte using a membrane or salt bridge to avoid interference in the analysis.
The chosen potential ensures...
Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at the...

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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Determination of Thermodynamic Properties of Alkaline Earth-liquid Metal Alloys Using the Electromotive Force Technique
12:02

Determination of Thermodynamic Properties of Alkaline Earth-liquid Metal Alloys Using the Electromotive Force Technique

Published on: November 3, 2017

Measuring individual overpotentials in an operating solid-oxide electrochemical cell.

Farid El Gabaly1, Michael Grass, Anthony H McDaniel

  • 1Sandia National Laboratories, CA 94550, USA. felgaba@sandia.gov

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|August 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Photo-electrons probe electrical potentials in solid-oxide electrochemical cells. This reveals that Ni electrodes favor water splitting, while Pt electrodes favor hydrogen oxidation, offering insights into catalytic efficiency.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

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Probing and Mapping Electrode Surfaces in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
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Applying Dynamic Strain on Thin Oxide Films Immobilized on a Pseudoelastic Nickel-Titanium Alloy

Published on: July 28, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Solid-oxide electrochemical cells are crucial for energy conversion.
  • Understanding interfacial electrical potentials is key to optimizing cell performance.
  • Current methods for measuring these potentials can be invasive or lack spatial resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a non-contact method for measuring local electrical potentials in solid-oxide electrochemical cells.
  • To directly quantify overpotentials at electrode-electrolyte interfaces.
  • To compare the electro-catalytic efficiencies of Nickel (Ni) and Platinum (Pt) electrodes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing photo-electrons as a non-contact probe.
  • Employing spatially-resolved X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (sXPS) for in operando characterization.
  • Validating measurements with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).

Main Results:

  • Direct measurement of overpotentials at Ni/YSZ and Pt/YSZ interfaces.
  • Demonstrated ability to characterize electrochemical cells under near-ambient pressure.
  • Quantified differences in electro-catalytic activity between Ni and Pt electrodes.

Conclusions:

  • Photo-electron spectroscopy provides a powerful tool for probing interfacial phenomena in electrochemical cells.
  • Ni electrodes exhibit higher efficiency for H(2)O splitting compared to H(2) oxidation.
  • Pt electrodes show greater efficiency for H(2) oxidation than H(2)O splitting, highlighting distinct catalytic behaviors.