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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Heterokaryon Technique for Analysis of Cell Type-specific Localization
Published on: March 11, 2011
Subnuclear localization and intranuclear trafficking of transcription factors
Sayyed K Zaidi1, Ricardo F Medina, Shirwin M Pockwinse
1Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
Abstract:
Nuclear microenvironments are architecturally organized subnuclear sites where the regulatory machinery for gene expression, replication, and repair resides. This compartmentalization is necessary to attain required stoichiometry for organization and assembly of regulatory complexes for combinatorial control. Combined and methodical application of molecular, cellular, biochemical, and in vivo genetic approaches is required to fully understand complexities of biological control. Here we provide methodologies to characterize nuclear organization of regulatory machinery by in situ immunofluorescence microscopy.
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