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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

Overview
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Acute Inflammation II: Cellular Phase01:26

Acute Inflammation II: Cellular Phase

The cellular phase of acute inflammation is a tightly orchestrated sequence of events that recruits leukocytes, primarily neutrophils, to sites of tissue injury or infection. Following the initial vascular changes, this phase ensures effective immune cell migration, activation, and function at the affected site to eliminate pathogens and initiate tissue repair.Leukocyte Recruitment CascadeLeukocyte recruitment happens in four steps: margination, adhesion, transmigration, and chemotaxis. Reduced...
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Preparation of Single-cell Suspensions for Cytofluorimetric Analysis from Different Mouse Skin Regions
05:58

Preparation of Single-cell Suspensions for Cytofluorimetric Analysis from Different Mouse Skin Regions

Published on: April 20, 2016

Innate immunity and remodelling.

Guro Valen1

  • 1Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postbox 1103 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway. guro.valen@medisin.uio.no

Heart Failure Reviews
|August 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The role of innate immunity in heart failure is complex. While it can protect the heart in some situations, its impact on long-term heart remodeling and failure remains unclear and requires further investigation.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • Cardiac diseases cause heart remodeling and heart failure through complex signaling pathways.
  • Innate immunity activation, involving cytokines, toll-like receptors, and nuclear factor kappa B, occurs in injured hearts.
  • The role of innate immunity in cardiac injury is debated, showing protective effects in preconditioning but detrimental effects in acute ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of innate immunity activation on long-term outcomes in cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling.
  • To clarify the beneficial or detrimental role of the innate immune system in chronic cardiac injury models.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on innate immunity in cardiac disease states.
  • Analysis of studies involving preconditioning and acute ischemia-reperfusion injury.
  • Examination of in vivo models of cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling, including genetically engineered mice.

Main Results:

  • Innate immunity activation (cytokines, toll-like receptors, nuclear factor kappa B) is a common feature of cardiac injury.
  • Conflicting evidence exists regarding the role of innate immunity in chronic cardiac remodeling, with some studies suggesting benefits and others suggesting harm.
  • The precise impact of innate immunity on long-term cardiac outcomes in models of hypertrophy and remodeling is not well-defined.

Conclusions:

  • The role of cardiac innate immunity in chronic injury models is currently an enigma.
  • Further research using advanced genetic tools, diverse remodeling models, and extended follow-up is necessary.
  • A definitive conclusion on whether innate immune activation is beneficial, detrimental, or inconsequential in chronic cardiac injury cannot yet be made.