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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
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Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
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Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Signs of Puberty01:27

Signs of Puberty

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Preterm birth and adolescent bone mineral content.

Marta C Erlandson1, Lauren B Sherar, Adam D G Baxter-Jones

  • 1College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. marta.erlandson@usask.ca

American Journal of Perinatology
|August 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Preterm low birth weight did not impact adolescent bone mineral content. Bone accrual in individuals born preterm with low birth weight was comparable to controls when adjusted for key factors.

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Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones
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Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones

Published on: April 26, 2019

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones
06:58

Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones

Published on: April 26, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Bone Biology
  • Adolescent Health

Background:

  • Preterm birth and low birth weight are associated with potential long-term health consequences.
  • Bone mineral content (BMC) is a critical indicator of skeletal health during adolescence.
  • Understanding the long-term skeletal effects of preterm birth is essential for preventative care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of preterm birth and low birth weight on adolescent bone mineral content.
  • To compare bone mineral content in adolescents born preterm with low birth weight to their full-term, normal-birth-weight peers.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of adolescents born preterm (≤37 weeks) with low birth weight (<1850 g) was recruited.
  • Participants were age- and sex-matched to full-term, normal-birth-weight controls.
  • Bone mineral content (BMC) of the total body, hip, and spine was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Main Results:

  • Initially, male preterm individuals showed reduced proximal femur BMC compared to controls (p < 0.05).
  • After adjusting for age, maturity, height, weight, physical activity, and diet, no significant differences in bone parameters were observed between groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Preterm birth and low birth weight do not appear to negatively influence bone accrual in adolescence.
  • Skeletal development in adolescence is comparable between preterm low birth weight individuals and controls when accounting for confounding factors.