Perceptual and attentional influences on continuous 2:1 and 3:2 multi-frequency bimanual coordination

Two experiments were conducted to determine if multi-frequency (2:1 and 3:2) coordination between the limbs is enhanced when integrated feedback is provided in the form of Lissajous plots, attention demands are reduced, and attempts to consciously coordinate the limbs are not encouraged. To determine the influence of vision of the limbs, covered and uncovered limb groups were provided online Lissajous feedback. To determine the impact of the Lissajous feedback, a control group that was not provided Lissajous feedback was also tested. The data indicated remarkably effective performances after 5 min of practice when limbs were covered and Lissajous feedback was provided. When Lissajous feedback was provided and vision of the limbs was permitted, performance deteriorated. Performance by the group not provided Lissajous feedback was quite poor. The findings suggest that some of the difficulty associated with producing difficult bimanual coordination patterns are due to the less than optimal perceptual information available in various testing situations and the attentional focus imposed by the participant.