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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Immunofluorescence Microscopy01:12

Immunofluorescence Microscopy

A fluorescence microscope uses fluorescent chromophores called fluorochromes, which can absorb energy from a light source and then emit this energy as visible light. Fluorochromes include naturally fluorescent substances (such as chlorophylls) and fluorescent stains that are added to the specimen to create contrast. Dyes such as Texas red and FITC are examples of fluorochromes. Other examples include the nucleic acid dyes 4’,6’-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and acridine orange.
The...
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
07:49

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

Published on: October 14, 2014

Contact urticaria caused by a fluorescent dye.

Keiji Sugiura1, Mariko Sugiura, Kazumi Sasaki

  • 1Department of Environmental Dermatology and Allergology, Daiichi Clinic, Nagoya, Japan. ksugiura@daiichiclinic.jp

The Australasian Journal of Dermatology
|August 11, 2010
PubMed
Summary

A rare case of contact urticaria was identified in a man exposed to fluorescent dye in work gloves and shoes. Symptoms resolved after discontinuing use of the contaminated items.

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Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
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Published on: October 14, 2014

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Contact Hypersensitivity as a Murine Model of Allergic Contact Dermatitis
08:25

Contact Hypersensitivity as a Murine Model of Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Published on: September 26, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Toxicology
  • Allergy

Background:

  • Contact urticaria is a skin reaction that can be triggered by direct contact with certain substances.
  • Occupational exposures are a common source of contact allergens and irritants.

Observation:

  • A 28-year-old man presented with urticaria after working in his garage.
  • He was using orange and black gloves and black and white shoes of unknown material.
  • Prick tests with the gloves and shoes yielded positive results.

Findings:

  • Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry identified a fluorescent dye in the work gloves and shoes.
  • A subsequent prick test with the isolated fluorescent dye was also positive.
  • The patient's urticaria resolved after he stopped using the contaminated work gear.

Implications:

  • This case highlights a rare instance of contact urticaria caused by a fluorescent dye in clothing.
  • Occupational health assessments should consider dyes and other chemicals in personal protective equipment.
  • Further investigation into the allergenic potential of dyes in textiles is warranted.