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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
The Pineal Gland01:02

The Pineal Gland

The pineal gland, a diminutive endocrine structure named for its pinecone-shaped appearance, is situated atop the third ventricle within the diencephalon region of the forebrain. This gland, composed of secretory cells known as pinealocytes arranged in compact cords and clusters around dense particles of calcium salts, plays a pivotal role in hormonal regulation.
The primary secretion of the pineal gland is the hormone melatonin, derived from serotonin. The concentration of melatonin in the...
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

Overview
Inflammation: Introduction01:28

Inflammation: Introduction

Inflammation is a fundamental, protective biological response of vascularized tissues to cellular injury, infection, or harmful stimuli. Its primary function is to eliminate the initial cause of injury, clear necrotic cells and damaged tissue, and initiate the necessary repair processes.Cardinal SignsAcute inflammation presents with classic signs. Redness results from vasodilation and increased blood flow. Heat is due to increased metabolism and circulation. Swelling results from the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response
12:50

Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response

Published on: September 15, 2017

Melatonin: a pleiotropic molecule regulating inflammation.

Flavia Radogna1, Marc Diederich, Lina Ghibelli

  • 1Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' di Roma Tor Vergata, Italy.

Biochemical Pharmacology
|August 11, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Melatonin, a pineal gland hormone, regulates sleep and circadian rhythms. It also modulates immune and inflammatory responses, acting as both an activator and inhibitor, and possesses antioxidant properties.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response
12:50

Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response

Published on: September 15, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Melatonin is a neurohormone primarily known for regulating sleep and circadian rhythms.
  • It also plays a significant role in modulating immune and inflammatory processes.
  • Leukocytes exhibit circadian responses to melatonin and can synthesize it independently.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the inflammatory pathways regulated by melatonin.
  • To explore the dual role of melatonin as both an activator and inhibitor of inflammatory and immune responses.
  • To highlight the antioxidant and anti-apoptotic functions of melatonin in inflamed tissues.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing research on melatonin's effects on inflammation.
  • It examines endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine actions of melatonin on leukocytes.
  • The review analyzes melatonin's impact on pro-inflammatory enzymes, mediators, and leukocyte lifespan.

Main Results:

  • Melatonin differentially modulates pro-inflammatory enzymes and cytokine production.
  • It regulates leukocyte lifespan by influencing apoptotic processes.
  • Melatonin's antioxidant properties help scavenge oxidative stress in inflamed tissues.
  • Its effects on lipoxygenase activity suggest a role in both initiating and attenuating inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Melatonin is a pleiotropic hormone with significant immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory functions.
  • Its ability to regulate inflammation timing may prevent chronic inflammation complications.
  • Further research into melatonin's therapeutic potential in inflammatory diseases is warranted.