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Related Concept Videos

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...

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Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence
12:08

Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence

Published on: May 22, 2013

Evolution of CST function in telomere maintenance.

Carolyn M Price1, Kara A Boltz, Mary F Chaiken

  • 1Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA. Carolyn.Price@uc.edu

Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)
|August 11, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Telomeres protect chromosome ends. A conserved complex, CST, is vital for telomere protection and replication in yeast, plants, and humans, challenging previous views on distinct evolutionary paths.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Telomeres are crucial DNA structures protecting chromosome ends from degradation and recombination.
  • Telomeres facilitate DNA replication through interactions with telomerase and replication machinery.
  • Distinct telomere capping complexes, shelterin (vertebrates) and CST (yeast), were previously thought to have evolved separately.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolving functions and interactions of CST components.
  • To explore the contributions of CST to chromosome end protection and DNA replication.
  • To discuss the implications of CST-like complex discovery in multicellular eukaryotes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of telomere biology research.
  • Analysis of protein complex composition and function.
  • Comparative genomics and evolutionary analysis.

Main Results:

  • The Cdc13, Stn1, and Ten1 (CST) complex plays a conserved role in telomere maintenance.
  • CST is essential for protecting chromosome ends and facilitating DNA replication.
  • Evidence suggests CST-like complexes are present in plants and humans, not just yeast.

Conclusions:

  • The discovery of CST-like complexes in diverse eukaryotes suggests a conserved mechanism for telomere regulation.
  • Understanding CST function is key to comprehending chromosome end maintenance and replication across species.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of CST in multicellular organisms.