Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 10, 2026

In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease
Published on: May 27, 2022
Surrogate endpoints in randomized cardiovascular clinical trials
Michael Domanski1, Stuart Pocock, Corine Bernaud
1The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Abstract:
Surrogate endpoints predict the occurrence and timing of a clinical endpoint of interest (CEI). Substitution of a surrogate endpoint for a CEI can dramatically reduce the time and cost necessary to complete a Phase III clinical trial. However, assurance that use of a surrogate endpoint will result in a correct conclusion regarding treatment effect on a CEI requires prior rigorous validation of the surrogate. Surrogate endpoints can also be of substantial use in Phase I and II studies to assess whether the intended therapeutic pathway is operative, thus providing assurance regarding the reasonableness of proceeding to a Phase III trial. This paper discusses the uses and validation of surrogate endpoints.
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