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In-vitro Mutagenesis

In-vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male reproductive...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Application of Mouse Parthenogenetic Haploid Embryonic Stem Cells as a Substitute of Sperm

Application of Mouse Parthenogenetic Haploid Embryonic Stem Cells as a Substitute of Sperm

Published on: November 19, 2020

Germline modification using mouse spermatogonial stem cells.

Mito Kanatsu-Shinohara¹, Takashi Shinohara

¹Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

Methods in Enzymology

|August 12, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) offer a novel method for germline modification. These cells can be cultured and transplanted, serving as an alternative to embryonic stem cells for creating genetically altered animals.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Application of Mouse Parthenogenetic Haploid Embryonic Stem Cells as a Substitute of Sperm

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Published on: November 19, 2020

Mouse Round Spermatid Injection

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Serial Enrichment of Spermatogonial Stem and Progenitor Cells (SSCs) in Culture for Derivation of Long-term Adult Mouse SSC Lines

Serial Enrichment of Spermatogonial Stem and Progenitor Cells (SSCs) in Culture for Derivation of Long-term Adult Mouse SSC Lines

Published on: February 25, 2013

Area of Science:

Reproductive biology
Genetics
Developmental biology

Background:

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) reside in the testes and are crucial for sperm production.
Germline modification is essential for genetic research and animal breeding.
Traditional methods often rely on embryonic stem cells, which have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) as a promising target for germline modification.
To present SSCs as a viable alternative to embryonic stem cells for genetic manipulation.
To explore the potential of SSCs in germline mutagenesis across diverse animal species.

Main Methods:

Development of an in vitro culture system for SSCs.
Establishment of spermatogonial transplantation techniques.
Assessment of genetic and epigenetic stability of cultured SSCs.

Main Results:

SSCs can be successfully cultured in vitro.
Spermatogonial transplantation enables the generation of genetically modified offspring.
SSCs demonstrate genetic and epigenetic stability during culture and transplantation.

Conclusions:

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) represent a significant advancement in germline modification.
The established SSCs culture and transplantation systems provide a powerful tool for producing knockout mice.
The stability of SSCs opens new avenues for germline mutagenesis in various animal models.