Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Use of Capillary Aerosol Generator in Continuous Production of Controlled Aerosol for Non-Clinical Studies
Published on: April 12, 2022
Organic aerosol formation in citronella candle plumes
Abstract:
Citronella candles are widely used as insect repellants, especially outdoors in the evening. Because these essential oils are unsaturated, they have a unique potential to form secondary organic aerosol (SOA) via reaction with ozone, which is also commonly elevated on summer evenings when the candles are often in use. We investigated this process, along with primary aerosol emissions, by briefly placing a citronella tealight candle in a smog chamber and then adding ozone to the chamber. In repeated experiments, we observed rapid and substantial SOA formation after ozone addition; this process must therefore be considered when assessing the risks and benefits of using citronella candle to repel insects.
Related Concept Videos
Flame Photometry: Overview
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods
Aromatic Compounds: Overview
In 1825, Faraday isolated benzene...
