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Related Concept Videos

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by the...
Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation01:24

Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation

During the initial hours of fasting, the body uses up its glycogen stores as an energy source. Once these glycogen reserves are depleted, the body begins breaking down stored triglycerides and structural proteins. During this stage, glycerol becomes a key substrate for gluconeogenesis, while free fatty acids undergo beta-oxidation to provide energy for tissues, such as skeletal muscle. In the fasting state, the body spares protein breakdown as much as possible to conserve muscle and structural...
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
Gastric Emptying01:16

Gastric Emptying

Gastric emptying occurs when the stomach gradually releases chyme into the duodenum. When the stomach is distended, it triggers the release of gastrin, a hormone that promotes gastric acid secretion to aid in digestion. Additionally, stomach distension contributes to peristaltic waves that propel gastric contents toward the pyloric region. The gastroenteric reflex, on the other hand, primarily stimulates peristalsis in the intestines, facilitating the movement of contents further along the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Operation in Rats
07:37

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Operation in Rats

Published on: June 11, 2012

Ghrelin and metabolic surgery.

Dimitrios J Pournaras1, Carel W le Roux

  • 1Department of Bariatric Surgery, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, Somerset TA1 5DA, UK.

International Journal of Peptides
|August 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metabolic surgery effectively treats morbid obesity, with ghrelin hormone levels changing after procedures. These changes offer insights into the gut-brain axis and appetite regulation following bariatric interventions.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

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Published on: June 11, 2012

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Published on: March 20, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Bariatric Surgery

Background:

  • Morbid obesity is a complex metabolic disorder.
  • Metabolic surgery is the most effective treatment for morbid obesity.
  • Ghrelin, a hunger hormone, is implicated in the success of bariatric procedures and appetite regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the interaction between metabolic surgery and the gut-brain axis.
  • To review available data on changes in ghrelin levels after various bariatric surgical procedures.
  • To understand ghrelin's role in the efficacy of obesity treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating ghrelin levels post-metabolic surgery.
  • Analysis of data on ghrelin level alterations across different surgical techniques.
  • Exploration of the gut-brain axis in the context of bariatric interventions.

Main Results:

  • Metabolic surgery leads to significant alterations in ghrelin levels.
  • Changes in ghrelin are associated with the type of bariatric procedure performed.
  • These hormonal shifts contribute to the understanding of the gut-brain axis.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolic surgery impacts ghrelin secretion, influencing appetite and weight management.
  • Understanding ghrelin dynamics post-surgery is crucial for optimizing obesity treatment.
  • Bariatric surgery serves as a valuable tool for studying gut-brain communication.