Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
Neuromuscular Junction And Blockade01:29

Neuromuscular Junction And Blockade

The site of chemical communication between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber is called the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). The end of the motor neuron at the NMJ divides into a cluster of synaptic end bulbs. The cytoplasm of these bulbs consists of synaptic vesicles enclosing acetylcholine molecules, the principal neurotransmitter released at the NMJ. The region opposite the synaptic bulb that ends in the muscle fiber is called the motor end plate, which has acetylcholine receptors. Within the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sensorimotor control of robots mediated by electrophysiological measurements of fungal mycelia.

Science robotics·2024
Same author

Recording from Snail Motor Nerves to Investigate Central Pattern Generation.

Journal of undergraduate neuroscience education : JUNE : a publication of FUN, Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience·2024
Same author

Teach Me and I'll Remember.

Journal of undergraduate neuroscience education : JUNE : a publication of FUN, Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience·2024
Same author

Effect of size on expression of bistability in mouse spinal motoneurons.

Journal of neurophysiology·2024
Same author

An Introduction to the Proceedings of the 2020 FUN Summer Virtual Meeting.

Journal of undergraduate neuroscience education : JUNE : a publication of FUN, Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience·2024
Same author

A size principle for bistability in mouse spinal motoneurons.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Non-Invasive Electrical Brain Stimulation Montages for Modulation of Human Motor Function
07:47

Non-Invasive Electrical Brain Stimulation Montages for Modulation of Human Motor Function

Published on: February 4, 2016

Checks and balances in neuromodulation.

Ronald M Harris-Warrick1, Bruce R Johnson

  • 1Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University Ithaca, NY, USA.

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
|August 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neuromodulators can activate opposing mechanisms within a single neuron, a phenomenon observed in the lobster pyloric network. This dual action may stabilize neural networks, preventing overmodulation and maintaining function.

Keywords:
central pattern generatorion channelnetworkneuromodulationoppositionsynapse

More Related Videos

Non-invasive Strategies for Chronic Manipulation of DREADD-controlled Neuronal Activity
08:28

Non-invasive Strategies for Chronic Manipulation of DREADD-controlled Neuronal Activity

Published on: August 25, 2019

Automated Multimodal Stimulation and Simultaneous Neuronal Recording from Multiple Small Organisms
08:28

Automated Multimodal Stimulation and Simultaneous Neuronal Recording from Multiple Small Organisms

Published on: March 3, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Non-Invasive Electrical Brain Stimulation Montages for Modulation of Human Motor Function
07:47

Non-Invasive Electrical Brain Stimulation Montages for Modulation of Human Motor Function

Published on: February 4, 2016

Non-invasive Strategies for Chronic Manipulation of DREADD-controlled Neuronal Activity
08:28

Non-invasive Strategies for Chronic Manipulation of DREADD-controlled Neuronal Activity

Published on: August 25, 2019

Automated Multimodal Stimulation and Simultaneous Neuronal Recording from Multiple Small Organisms
08:28

Automated Multimodal Stimulation and Simultaneous Neuronal Recording from Multiple Small Organisms

Published on: March 3, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurophysiology
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Neuromodulators, including monoamines and peptides, are crucial for neural network dynamics and behavioral flexibility.
  • Modulatory effects can paradoxically activate opposing mechanisms within the same neuron or synapse.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss the functional significance of opposing neuromodulatory actions.
  • To highlight examples of these opposing actions, particularly in the lobster pyloric network.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on neuromodulatory effects on neural networks.
  • Analysis of experimental data and theoretical models concerning the lobster pyloric network.

Main Results:

  • Neuromodulators can elicit functionally opposing responses in individual neurons and synapses.
  • The lobster pyloric network serves as a model system to study these complex modulatory effects.

Conclusions:

  • Opposing neuromodulatory actions may serve to stabilize neural network states.
  • This stabilization prevents overmodulation, ensuring network functionality and preserving behavioral flexibility.