[Pathophysiology and biochemistry of platelets]

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Immunology
• Vascular Biology

Context:

• Platelets are traditionally known for hemostasis and thrombosis.
• Emerging evidence highlights their multifaceted roles beyond coagulation.
• Understanding these diverse functions is crucial for comprehending various physiological and pathological processes.

Purpose:

• To provide a comprehensive review of the diverse roles of platelets.
• To explore platelet involvement in hemostasis, thrombosis, inflammation, arteriosclerosis, angiogenesis, antimicrobial defense, and tumor metastasis.
• To synthesize current knowledge on platelet functions in health and disease.

Summary:

• Platelets are central regulators of hemostasis, initiating the thrombin burst on their surface.
• They contribute to atherothrombotic vascular occlusions and early stages of arteriosclerosis by promoting leukocyte extravasation and smooth muscle cell proliferation.
• Platelets play a role in antimicrobial host defense by killing pathogens and facilitate tissue revascularization, which can also promote tumor growth.

Impact:

• This review consolidates understanding of platelet biology, offering insights into their complex roles.
• It provides a foundation for exploring novel therapeutic strategies targeting platelet functions in various diseases.
• Highlights the importance of platelets as key players in inflammation, immunity, and cancer progression.