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Related Concept Videos

The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...
Solid–Solid Solutions01:24

Solid–Solid Solutions

The temperature-composition phase diagram of two solids, A and B, which are immiscible in the solid phase but form miscible liquids, shows that when the temperature is low, these two exist as separate, pure solids (A and B). As the temperature increases, they transition into a single-phase liquid solution where A and B coexist. Moving from point a1 to a2 in the phase diagram, the composition changes such that solid B begins to separate from the solution, enriching the remaining liquid with A.
Solution Equilibrium and Saturation01:59

Solution Equilibrium and Saturation

Imagine adding a small amount of sugar to a glass of water, stirring until all the sugar has dissolved, and then adding a bit more. You can repeat this process until the sugar concentration of the solution reaches its natural limit, a limit determined primarily by the relative strengths of the solute-solute, solute-solvent, and solvent-solvent attractive forces. You can be certain that you have reached this limit because, no matter how long you stir the solution, undissolved sugar remains. The...
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
Colloids03:22

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs
08:18

Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs

Published on: July 27, 2022

Conditions for equilibrium solid-stabilized emulsions.

Daniela J Kraft1, Julius W J de Folter, Bob Luigjes

  • 1Van't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Institute for NanoMaterials Science, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands. d.j.kraft@uu.nl

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|August 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals general conditions for creating stable, monodisperse solid-stabilized emulsions. Key factors include specific particle wetting, ion adsorption, and low interfacial tension for energy-efficient industrial applications.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

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Published on: July 27, 2022

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07:57

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Published on: August 30, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Solid-stabilized emulsions can exhibit thermodynamic stability, characterized by spontaneous formation and consistent droplet size.
  • Understanding the general principles governing these equilibrium systems is crucial for advancing emulsion technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the generality of equilibrium solid-stabilized emulsions by systematically varying their core components.
  • To identify the fundamental conditions required for the spontaneous formation of monodisperse droplets in these systems.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic variation of emulsion constituents: aqueous phase (with ions), oil phase, and stabilizing particles.
  • Analysis of droplet formation, size distribution, and interfacial properties under varied conditions.

Main Results:

  • Identified general conditions for spontaneous formation of monodisperse solid-stabilized emulsion droplets.
  • Emulsion stability is achieved through a combination of solid particles, amphiphilic ions at the droplet surface, and low bare oil-water interfacial tension (≤ 10 mN/m).
  • Preferential wetting of colloidal particles by the oil phase is essential for thermodynamic stability.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates the sufficiency of identified requirements by successfully creating stable emulsions with diverse compositions.
  • Findings introduce a new class of colloid-stabilized meso-emulsions with significant potential for energy savings in industrial emulsification.