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Updated: Jun 10, 2026
Three-Dimensional Echocardiographic Method for the Visualization and Assessment of Specific Parameters of the Pulmonary Veins
Published on: October 28, 2020
Feasibility of pulmonary valve imaging using three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography
Natalie F A Kelly1, David G Platts, Darryl J Burstow
1Prince Charles Hospital, Queensland, Australia. Natalie_Kelly@health.qld.gov.au
Background:
The pulmonary valve (PV) is rarely visualized in short axis with conventional two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Thus, the true incidence of abnormal PV morphology in patients undergoing TTE is unknown. This study sought to evaluate the feasibility of using three-dimensional echocardiography in the morphologic assessment of the PV in short-axis.
Methods:
A total of 200 consecutive patients referred for routine TTE were prospectively evaluated (mean age 64 ± 16 years; 113 males). Live3D and full-volume 3D (FV3D) were performed with the feasibility of visualizing PV morphology assessed. McNemar's test was used as a nonparametric comparator between Live3D and FV3D results and to assess for any significant learning curve. Chi-square test was used to determine the association between variables.
Results:
PV morphology detection rates were significantly different (P < .0001) between Live3D (60%) and FV3D (23%). The optimal plane for Live3D was the parasternal view (99%), using zoom over the PV and rotating to a short-axis image. PV short-axis cusp detection using Live3D was dependent on the initial two-dimensional PV image quality (P < .0001).
Conclusion:
Live3D is feasible in evaluating PV short-axis morphology and provides incremental value in the TTE examination.
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