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Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Development of the Heart01:27

Development of the Heart

The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
As the embryo undergoes lateral folding, these paired tubes approach each other, merging into a single primitive heart tube by...
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...

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Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues
13:03

Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues

Published on: June 3, 2016

Chromatin remodeling in heart development.

Benoit G Bruneau1

  • 1Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States. bbruneau@gladstone.ucsf.edu

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
|August 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transcription factors and chromatin remodeling are crucial for heart development. Understanding these networks helps unravel congenital heart disease mechanisms and explore new heart repair strategies.

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High Efficiency Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Cardiomyocytes and Characterization by Flow Cytometry
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High Efficiency Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Cardiomyocytes and Characterization by Flow Cytometry

Published on: September 23, 2014

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues
13:03

Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues

Published on: June 3, 2016

High Efficiency Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Cardiomyocytes and Characterization by Flow Cytometry
13:13

High Efficiency Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Cardiomyocytes and Characterization by Flow Cytometry

Published on: September 23, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Genetics

Background:

  • Heart development depends on intricate transcription factor networks.
  • Mutations in these genes cause congenital heart defects, highlighting their importance.
  • Chromatin remodeling complexes add complexity to heart development regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the interplay between transcription factors and chromatin remodeling in heart development.
  • To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying congenital heart disease.
  • To identify new strategies for cardiomyocyte regeneration and heart repair.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gene regulatory networks in cardiac organogenesis.
  • Investigating the role of chromatin remodelers in transcriptional control.
  • Utilizing genetic models to study congenital heart defects.

Main Results:

  • Established the critical role of specific transcription factor networks in heart formation.
  • Demonstrated the significant contribution of chromatin remodeling to precise gene regulation during cardiogenesis.
  • Linked disruptions in these networks to the etiology of congenital heart defects.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding transcription factor and chromatin remodeling interactions is key to tissue-specific gene regulation.
  • This knowledge is vital for deciphering congenital heart disease mechanisms.
  • Insights gained offer potential pathways for regenerative medicine in cardiac repair.