Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Hypertrophic and keloid scars fail to progress from the CD34<sup>-</sup> /α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)<sup>+</sup> immature scar phenotype and show gradient differences in α-SMA and p16 expression.

The British journal of dermatology·2019

Same author

Increased epidermal thickness and abnormal epidermal differentiation in keloid scars.

The British journal of dermatology·2016

Same author

Methotrexate analogues display enhanced inhibition of TNF-α production in whole blood from RA patients.

Scandinavian journal of rheumatology·2013

Same author

Palladium-induced Th2 cytokine responses reflect skin test reactivity.

Allergy·2012

Same author

4-1BB-mediated expansion affords superior detection of in vivo primed effector memory CD8+ T cells from melanoma sentinel lymph nodes.

Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)·2010

Same author

The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib inhibits the release of NFkappaB-inducible cytokines and induces apoptosis of activated T cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Clinical and experimental rheumatology·2009

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency

Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency

Published on: June 29, 2021

In vitro tests with sensitized lymphocytes-Relevance for predictive allergenicity testing.

B M von Blomberg-van der Flier¹, R J Scheper

¹Department of Pathology, Free University Hospital, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA

|August 13, 2010

Summary

Identifying contact sensitizers requires improved in vitro methods. The local lymph node assay shows promise for allergenicity testing by combining in vivo allergen presentation with in vitro lymphocyte activation assessment.

More Related Videos

Assessment of the Cytotoxic and Immunomodulatory Effects of Substances in Human Precision-cut Lung Slices

Assessment of the Cytotoxic and Immunomodulatory Effects of Substances in Human Precision-cut Lung Slices

Published on: May 9, 2018

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Published on: May 31, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency

Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency

Published on: June 29, 2021

Assessment of the Cytotoxic and Immunomodulatory Effects of Substances in Human Precision-cut Lung Slices

Assessment of the Cytotoxic and Immunomodulatory Effects of Substances in Human Precision-cut Lung Slices

Published on: May 9, 2018

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Published on: May 31, 2021

Area of Science:

Immunotoxicology
Dermatology
Allergenicity Testing

Background:

In vitro methods for identifying contact sensitizers face challenges due to improper allergen application.
Allergen solubility, toxicity, and the need for skin tissue conjugation limit current in vitro approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate promising methods for allergenicity testing that overcome limitations of traditional in vitro assays.
To highlight the potential of assays combining in vivo and in vitro components for predictive allergenicity screening.

Main Methods:

Investigating methods that utilize in vivo systems for allergen binding and presentation.
Assessing subsequent lymphocyte activation in vitro following in vivo allergen exposure.
Considering the local lymph node assay (LLNA) as a predictive tool.

Main Results:

Methods combining in vivo allergen presentation with in vitro lymphocyte assessment are most promising.
The local lymph node assay warrants further validation and attention in allergenicity testing.
Standard in vitro allergen-stimulated tests have limited value for predictive screening but are useful for mechanistic studies.

Conclusions:

The local lymph node assay is a promising predictive assay for allergenicity testing that requires further validation.
While limited for screening, in vitro tests are valuable for understanding contact sensitivity mechanisms.
Lymphocyte transformation and macrophage migration inhibition tests can aid clinical diagnosis when skin tests are inconclusive.