Dietary patterns are associated with metabolic syndrome in an urban Mexican population

The role that diet plays in the origin of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is not completely understood. Certain foods and nutrients have been established as dietary risk factors for MetS. However, the dietary patterns associated with MetS risk have been minimally studied with factor analysis. Our objective in this study was to use exploratory factor analysis to examine whether particular dietary patterns are related to risk of MetS in Mexican adults. We characterized the dietary patterns among 5240 men and women aged 20-70 y in the Health Workers Cohort Study. Information on participants' sociodemographic conditions and physical activity was collected via self-administered questionnaires. We also obtained anthropometric and clinical measurements and fasting blood samples for biochemical analyses. In a cross-sectional analysis, we examined dietary patterns in relation to MetS, defined using criteria from the Adult Treatment Panel III. Factor analysis revealed 3 major dietary patterns: prudent, Western, and high protein/fat. The prevalence of MetS was 26.6%. After adjustment for potential confounders, compared with participants in the lowest tertile of the Western pattern, those in the highest tertile had higher odds ratios (OR) for high fasting glucose (OR, 1.67; 95% CI: 1.36-2.06), low serum HDL cholesterol (OR, 1.55; 95% CI: 1.31-1.83), and MetS (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.31-1.88). However, we found no significant associations between other patterns and MetS. In summary, a diet high in soft drinks, refined grains, corn tortillas, pastries, seafood, and whole grains was associated with MetS risk. This result emphasizes the importance of preventive nutrition interventions.