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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by sustained extreme cold exposure, and severe...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management

Published on: November 21, 2017

[Preoperative prewarming as a routine measure. First experiences].

A Bräuer¹, R M Waeschle, D Heise

¹Zentrum Anaesthesiologie, Rettungs- und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität, Robert-Koch-Strsse 40, 37075 Göttingen. abraeue@gwdg.de

Der Anaesthesist

|August 13, 2010

Summary

Prewarming patients in the preoperative holding area is feasible and effective in raising core body temperature. This intervention helps mitigate perioperative hypothermia, even with shorter prewarming durations.

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Area of Science:

Anesthesiology
Patient Safety
Temperature Regulation

Context:

Perioperative hypothermia remains a significant concern despite established intraoperative warming protocols.
A prewarming program was implemented in the preoperative holding area to address this issue.

Purpose:

To assess the feasibility and efficacy of a prewarming program in the preoperative holding area.
To evaluate the impact of prewarming on core body temperature in surgical patients.

Summary:

A 3-month quality assurance study included 127 patients, with prewarming initiated a median of 6 minutes after arrival.
Average prewarming duration was 46±38 minutes, resulting in a core temperature increase to 37.1±0.5°C.
Post-anesthesia induction temperature was 36.3±0.5°C, and at the end of surgery, 14% of patients were hypothermic (36.4±0.5°C).

Impact:

Demonstrates that prewarming in the holding area is achievable with adequate duration.
Highlights the high efficiency of prewarming in improving patient temperature, even when time is limited.