Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations

Vaccinations

Pharmacodynamic Models: Overview

Pharmacodynamic Models: Overview

Pharmacodynamic (PD) responses describe the interaction between a drug and its biological target, culminating in a physiological effect. These responses can be classified into different types: continuous variables, such as blood glucose levels; categorical outcomes, like survival rates; and time-to-event metrics, such as disease progression. Understanding and modeling PD responses are critical for optimizing drug efficacy and safety.PD models describe the relationship between drug concentration...

Pharmacokinetic Models: Overview

Pharmacokinetic Models: Overview

Pharmacokinetic models utilize mathematical analysis to achieve a detailed quantitative understanding of a drug's life cycle within the body. They are instrumental in simulating a drug's pharmacokinetic parameters, predicting drug concentrations over time, optimizing dosage regimens, linking concentrations with pharmacologic activity, and estimating potential toxicity.
There are three primary types of models: empirical, compartment, and physiological. Empirical models, with minimal assumptions,...

Vaccine Production

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...

Pharmacodynamic Models: Direct Effect Model and Indirect Response Model

Pharmacodynamic Models: Direct Effect Model and Indirect Response Model

Pharmacodynamic models are essential tools in understanding the relationship between drug concentrations and their effects on biological systems. By characterizing the dynamics of drug action, these models guide dose selection, optimize therapeutic efficacy, and inform the development of new drugs. Two major classes of pharmacodynamic models include direct effect and indirect response models.Direct Effect ModelsDirect effect models describe the immediate relationship between drug concentration...

Pharmacodynamic Models: Additive and Proportional Drug Effect Model

Pharmacodynamic Models: Additive and Proportional Drug Effect Model

Drug response models describe how pharmacological agents interact with biological systems to produce measurable effects. Baseline responses are inherent physiological activities without a drug significantly influencing the observed pharmacological outcomes. Depending on the drug response model employed, these baseline responses may combine with the drug's effect in either an additive or proportional manner.Additive Drug Response ModelIn the additive model, the drug effect is independent of the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Acute static vibration-induced stretching enhanced muscle viscoelasticity but did not affect maximal voluntary contractions in footballers.

Journal of strength and conditioning research·2014

Same author

A simulation-based apheresis platelet inventory management model.

Transfusion·2014

Same author

A methodology for using simulation to optimize emergency mass vaccination parameters.

Journal of medical systems·2007

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice

Published on: February 22, 2019

A generic simulation model to manage a vaccination program.

Arben Asllani¹, Lawrence Ettkin

¹Department of Management, University of Tennessee-Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN 37403-2598, USA. beni-asllani@utc.edu

Journal of Medical Systems

|August 13, 2010

Summary

This study presents a computer simulation model to optimize vaccination programs for diseases like influenza and H1N1. The model aids in understanding herd immunity, endemic states, and minimizing vaccination costs.

More Related Videos

Predicting the Effectiveness of Population Replacement Strategy Using Mathematical Modeling

Predicting the Effectiveness of Population Replacement Strategy Using Mathematical Modeling

Published on: July 4, 2007

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice

Published on: February 22, 2019

Predicting the Effectiveness of Population Replacement Strategy Using Mathematical Modeling

Predicting the Effectiveness of Population Replacement Strategy Using Mathematical Modeling

Published on: July 4, 2007

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

Epidemiology
Computational Biology
Public Health

Background:

Vaccination programs are crucial for controlling infectious diseases.
Traditional methods for planning vaccination strategies can be complex and costly.
Evaluating the impact of vaccination on disease dynamics and societal costs is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate a computer model as a decision-making tool for vaccination programs.
To investigate the impact of herd immunity and disease endemicity.
To determine optimal vaccination rates for minimizing program costs.

Main Methods:

Development of a computer simulation model.
Modeling vaccination strategies for various diseases including influenza, avian influenza, and H1N1.
Analysis of herd immunity, endemic states, and societal costs.

Main Results:

The simulation model can estimate vaccination rates for achieving endemic states.
The model helps calculate the societal cost of vaccination programs.
Identified optimal vaccination rates to minimize overall program expenditure.

Conclusions:

Computer simulation offers advantages over other decision-making methods for vaccination programs.
The model can mimic disease behavior and test various vaccination scenarios.
Simulation provides a flexible tool for refining vaccination strategies and policies.