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Related Concept Videos

Standard Electrode Potentials03:02

Standard Electrode Potentials

On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes01:19

Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes

Reference electrodes serve as a stable reference point for potentiometric measurements, while indicator and working electrodes react to variations in the composition of a solution.
The Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is a widely used reference electrode that maintains zero potential across all temperatures. However, its need for a continuous hydrogen gas supply renders it impractical for everyday use.
An alternative to SHE is the Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE). This electrode features an...
Ladder Diagrams: Redox Equilibria01:30

Ladder Diagrams: Redox Equilibria

Ladder diagrams are useful tools for understanding redox equilibrium reactions, especially the effects of concentration changes on the electrochemical potential of the reaction. The vertical axis in the redox ladder diagrams represents the electrochemical potential, E. The area of predominance is demarcated using the Nernst equation.
Consider the Fe3+/Fe2+ half-reaction, which has a standard-state potential of +0.771 V. At potentials more positive than +0.771 V, Fe3+ predominates, whereas Fe2+...
Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at the...
Electrodes: Overview01:17

Electrodes: Overview

Electrochemical measurements are conducted in an electrochemical cell composed of various components that control and measure the current and potential. One fundamental component is electrodes, conductive materials that enable electron transfer reactions at their surfaces.
There are two main types of electrodes in electrochemical cells. The first type, known as the working or indicator electrode, has a potential that is sensitive to the analyte's concentration and reacts to changes in the...
Processes at Electrodes01:30

Processes at Electrodes

The electrode interacts with ions in the electrolyte solution at its interface. The rate of oxidation and reduction depends on the speed at which electrons can transfer through this interface. As ions attach to or leave the electrode surface, the electrode acquires a charge, and an electrical potential forms across the interface, making the process more difficult to reach equilibrium. The charge on the electrode affects the local ion concentrations in the solution, though thermal motion...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery
09:50

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery

Published on: January 22, 2015

Optimal set anode potentials vary in bioelectrochemical systems.

Rachel C Wagner1, Douglas F Call, Bruce E Logan

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 212 Sackett Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.

Environmental Science & Technology
|August 14, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Optimizing anode potential in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) is complex. While positive potentials often improve performance, microbial metabolic pathways and specific protein potentials are key factors for maximizing energy capture and biofilm growth.

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Waste Water Derived Electroactive Microbial Biofilms: Growth, Maintenance, and Basic Characterization

Published on: December 29, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Bioelectrochemical Systems (BESs)
  • Microbial Electrochemistry
  • Renewable Energy

Background:

  • Anode potential in BESs is adjustable but lacks an optimal setting method.
  • Microbial energy gain is theoretically linked to the positive potential of electron acceptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review literature on anode potential effects in BESs.
  • To understand factors influencing optimal anode potential for microbial energy capture.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating anode potentials in BESs.
  • Analysis of microbial community responses and performance metrics across various potentials.

Main Results:

  • A general trend shows improved BES performance with more positive anode potentials.
  • Exceptions exist where negative potentials enhance biofilm growth and current generation.
  • Terminal respiratory protein potentials, not just anode potential, significantly influence microbial activity.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal anode potential is determined by microbial metabolic capabilities and specific protein redox potentials.
  • Further research on pure and mixed cultures across a broad potential range is crucial for optimizing BES performance.