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Related Concept Videos

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors01:15

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors

The role of the detectors in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is to analyze the solutes as they exit from the chromatographic column. The detector recognizes the solute's property and generates corresponding electrical signals, which are converted into a readable graph of the detector's response versus elution time called a chromatogram at the computer. There are several types of HPLC detectors, each with its own advantages and limitations, depending on the analyte properties and...
Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-I01:21

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-I

There are different types of detectors used in gas chromatography, each with its own specific properties that make it suitable for detecting certain types of analytes. The most commonly used detectors in GC are thermal conductivity detector (TCD), flame ionization detector (FID), and electron capture detector (ECD).
TCD is the earliest and most widely used detector that operates by measuring the changes in the thermal conductivity of the carrier gas. When a sample compound enters the detector,...
Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II01:19

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...
Gas Chromatography: Overview of Detectors01:13

Gas Chromatography: Overview of Detectors

Detectors in gas chromatography (GC) help identify and quantify the components of a mixture by translating chemical properties into measurable signals, which are displayed on a chromatogram. Detectors can be categorized into two main types: destructive and non-destructive.
A non-destructive detector allows a sample to be analyzed without altering or consuming it, meaning the sample can be collected after detection for further analysis. Examples include thermal conductivity detectors and...
Measuring Reaction Rates03:09

Measuring Reaction Rates

Polarimetry finds application in chemical kinetics to measure the concentration and reaction kinetics of optically active substances during a chemical reaction. Optically active substances have the capability of rotating the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light passing through them—a feature called optical rotation. Optical activity is attributed to the molecular structure of substances. Normal monochromatic light is unpolarized and possesses oscillations of the electrical field in...
Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes01:19

Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes

Reference electrodes serve as a stable reference point for potentiometric measurements, while indicator and working electrodes react to variations in the composition of a solution.
The Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is a widely used reference electrode that maintains zero potential across all temperatures. However, its need for a continuous hydrogen gas supply renders it impractical for everyday use.
An alternative to SHE is the Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE). This electrode features an...

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Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as a Tool for Electrochemical Rate Constant Estimation
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Published on: October 10, 2018

Analyte discrimination from chemiresistor response kinetics.

Douglas H Read1, James E Martin

  • 1Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1415, USA. dhread@sandia.gov

Analytical Chemistry
|August 14, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Field-structured chemiresistors can discriminate between volatile organic compounds using response kinetics. This method, independent of analyte concentration, offers powerful single-sensor discrimination based on vapor pressure.

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Using Cyclic Voltammetry, UV-Vis-NIR, and EPR Spectroelectrochemistry to Analyze Organic Compounds
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Using Cyclic Voltammetry, UV-Vis-NIR, and EPR Spectroelectrochemistry to Analyze Organic Compounds

Published on: October 18, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Chemical sensing
  • Polymer science
  • Sensor technology

Background:

  • Chemiresistors are polymer-based sensors converting volatile organic compound (VOC) sorption into measurable resistance changes.
  • While polymer affinity provides some selectivity, single sensors struggle to differentiate analytes with similar affinities.
  • Distinguishing between analytes with identical affinities is a significant challenge in current sensor technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate that response kinetics of a field-structured chemiresistor can discriminate between analytes.
  • To show this discrimination is achievable even for analytes with identical chemical affinities for the polymer.
  • To establish a method for enhanced analyte discrimination using a single sensor.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a field-structured chemiresistor design.
  • Analyzing the response kinetics (time-dependent changes in resistance) upon analyte exposure.
  • Correlating response kinetics with analyte properties, specifically saturation vapor pressure.

Main Results:

  • Response kinetics were found to be independent of analyte concentration.
  • The sensor's response magnitude did not hinder kinetic analysis.
  • Response kinetics varied inversely with the analyte's saturation vapor pressure, enabling discrimination.

Conclusions:

  • Analysis of response kinetics provides a powerful method for analyte discrimination from a single chemiresistor.
  • This approach overcomes limitations of analyte affinity-based selectivity.
  • The inverse relationship with saturation vapor pressure offers a novel pathway for differentiating VOCs.