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Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Treatment Resistent Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistent Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Genital Herpes01:23

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), though herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is increasingly implicated in genital infections, particularly among younger populations. Transmission occurs mainly through sexual contact, with asymptomatic viral shedding serving as a major route of spread. This characteristic makes HSV-2 difficult to control at a population level, as individuals may unknowingly transmit the virus even in the...
Herpes01:28

Herpes

Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV‑1) is a widespread pathogen responsible for orolabial lesions. It is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae. Once the virus infects a host cell, its double‑stranded DNA genome is delivered into the nucleus, where a coordinated cascade of immediate‑early, early, and late gene expression directs viral DNA replication, structural protein synthesis, and virion assembly. After primary infection of epithelial cells, HSV-1...
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Curing Methods01:26

Curing Methods

Concrete members with a small surface-to-volume ratio are cured by oiling and moistening the forms before casting the concrete member. These forms can be left in place for a prolonged period to prevent moisture loss, and can be wetted if made of a material suitable for wetting. If the forms are removed early, the concrete member is moistened and covered with polythene sheets to maintain moisture. For large horizontal concrete surfaces exposed to dry weather, a temporary covering is suspended...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice
06:07

Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice

Published on: October 6, 2022

HIV cure: controversy, consensus, and a consortium.

Rowena Johnston

    AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
    |August 14, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    A cure for HIV infection remains elusive due to viral reservoirs, despite antiretroviral therapy. Overcoming this challenge requires collaborative research efforts to explore potential HIV eradication strategies.

    Area of Science:

    • Virology and Immunology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Antiretroviral Therapy Research

    Background:

    • Antiretroviral treatment (ART) offers significant clinical benefits for HIV infection but does not eliminate the virus.
    • Persistent viral reservoirs are the primary barrier to achieving a complete cure for HIV.
    • A widespread belief among AIDS researchers suggests that a definitive cure for HIV may be unattainable.

    Discussion:

    • The scientific community faces numerous unresolved issues in the pursuit of an HIV cure.
    • A lack of universal consensus on critical research questions complicates the path toward an HIV cure.
    • Overcoming the perceived impossibility of an HIV cure requires a shift from "parsimony into paralysis".

    Key Insights:

    • HIV eradication is hindered by the virus's ability to persist in latent reservoirs.

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    Published on: October 16, 2018

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    Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

    Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice
    06:07

    Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice

    Published on: October 6, 2022

    Amplification of Near Full-length HIV-1 Proviruses for Next-Generation Sequencing
    10:18

    Amplification of Near Full-length HIV-1 Proviruses for Next-Generation Sequencing

    Published on: October 16, 2018

  • Current therapies manage HIV but do not clear the infection, necessitating novel cure-focused strategies.
  • The scientific challenges to an HIV cure, though substantial, are researchable and solvable.

    • Outlook:

    • A collective, multidisciplinary research effort is crucial for advancing HIV cure research.
    • Collaboration among diverse research groups with varied perspectives can accelerate progress.
    • The quest for an HIV cure represents a highly challenging yet potentially transformative area of AIDS research.