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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

The Stroke Preclinical Assessment Network Multi-Laboratory Model of Thromboembolic Stroke with Thrombolysis: TE-MCAo
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Reference values for thromboelastometry (ROTEM®) in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis).

Luca Spiezia1, Diana Bertini, Massimo Boldrin

  • 1Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, 2nd Chair of Internal Medicine, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy.

Thrombosis Research
|August 14, 2010
PubMed
Summary

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Rotation thromboelastometry (ROTEM®) reveals primates exhibit a hypercoagulable blood profile compared to humans. This suggests pig-to-primate xenotransplantation faces significant coagulation challenges, impacting graft survival.

Area of Science:

  • Transplantation immunology
  • Hemostasis and thrombosis research
  • Comparative hematology

Background:

  • Hypercoagulation in primate blood is a major hurdle for successful porcine xenograft survival.
  • Whole blood rotation thromboelastometry (ROTEM®) is a dynamic method to assess clot formation characteristics.
  • Understanding primate coagulation is crucial for advancing xenotransplantation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate the use of ROTEM® for analyzing coagulation in primate blood.
  • To establish a normal thromboelastographic profile for cynomolgus monkeys.
  • To compare primate coagulation parameters with human data.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized ROTEM® to assess native, intrinsic, extrinsic pathways, fibrinogen function, and fibrinolysis in 40 cynomolgus monkeys.

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  • Defined normal thromboelastographic profiles using standard validation techniques.
  • Evaluated the influence of hematocrit, platelet count, fibrinogen, and Factor VIII on coagulation.

    • Main Results:

    • Primates demonstrated shorter clotting and clot formation times compared to humans across all ROTEM® assays.
    • Higher alpha-angle, maximum clot firmness, and maximum velocity were observed in primates.
    • Factor VIII levels were elevated in primates, while fibrinogen levels were lower than in humans.

    Conclusions:

    • ROTEM® analysis indicates a hypercoagulable state in primates relative to humans.
    • These findings highlight significant coagulation-related challenges for xenotransplantation in cynomolgus monkeys.
    • Further research is needed to overcome these coagulation barriers in xenotransplantation.