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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

A Chronic Cardiac Ischemia Model in Swine Using an Ameroid Constrictor

A Chronic Cardiac Ischemia Model in Swine Using an Ameroid Constrictor

Published on: October 9, 2017

Pain management after cardiac surgery.

Jennifer Cogan¹

¹Montréal Heart Institute, Québec, Canada. jennifer.cogan@umontreal.ca

Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia

|August 14, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Severe pain after cardiac surgery is common and undertreated, leading to chronic pain in 21-55% of patients. Effective pain management requires systematic evaluation and multimodal strategies.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

A Chronic Cardiac Ischemia Model in Swine Using an Ameroid Constrictor

A Chronic Cardiac Ischemia Model in Swine Using an Ameroid Constrictor

Published on: October 9, 2017

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Pain Medicine
Anesthesiology

Background:

Post-cardiac surgery pain is frequently severe and inadequately managed.
Undertreated pain can result in prolonged and severe consequences.
Chronic pain affects a significant portion of patients, ranging from 21% to 55%.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the incidence, risk factors, and management of acute and chronic pain following cardiac surgery.
To highlight the diverse origins of pain syndromes post-cardiac surgery.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on pain after cardiac surgery.
Analysis of risk factors for acute and chronic pain.
Overview of current pain control strategies.

Main Results:

Pain syndromes can be visceral, musculoskeletal, or neurogenic.
Risk factors for acute pain include younger age and longer surgery duration.
Risk factors for chronic pain include psychological vulnerability, extensive surgery, and higher ASA grade.

Conclusions:

Multimodal pain management, including opioids, paracetamol, NSAIDs, and anticonvulsants, is essential.
Systematic evaluation and regular assessment are crucial for effective pain control.
Addressing psychological factors is important for managing chronic pain post-cardiac surgery.