Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...

General Anesthesia: Overview

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...

Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

Local anesthetics (LAs) are drugs that induce a temporary loss of sensation in a limited body area, preventing pain. Cocaine was the first local anesthetic discovered in the late 19th century. Cocaine is a benzoic acid ester obtained from the leaves of coca shrubs and was often used for its psychotropic effects. Cocaine was first isolated in 1860 by Albert Niemann. Sigmund Freud studied the physiological actions of cocaine. Carl Koller later introduced it into clinical practice in 1884 as a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Targeting MAO-B selectivity: computational screening, docking, and molecular dynamics insights.

SAR and QSAR in environmental research·2025

Same author

[Recommendations of the DGAI, BDA, DOG, BDOC and BVA on anesthesiological care in ophthalmic surgery : In the version from 3 March 2021].

Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft·2021

Same author

Search for heavy resonances that decay into a vector boson and a Higgs boson in hadronic final states at <math> </math> <math></math>.

The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields·2020

Same author

Search for physics beyond the standard model in events with two leptons of same sign, missing transverse momentum, and jets in proton-proton collisions at <math> </math>.

The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields·2020

Same author

Search for new phenomena with the <math></math> variable in the all-hadronic final state produced in proton-proton collisions at <math> </math> <math></math>.

The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields·2020

Same author

Measurement of the triple-differential dijet cross section in proton-proton collisions at <math> </math> and constraints on parton distribution functions.

The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields·2020

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Intracameral Injection in Rats with Low Risk of Adverse Effects

Intracameral Injection in Rats with Low Risk of Adverse Effects

Published on: May 31, 2024

[Topical anaesthesia in cataract surgery].

D-T Pham¹, R Castello

¹Augenklinik, Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Berlin. duy-thoai.pham@vivantes.de

Klinische Monatsblatter Fur Augenheilkunde

|August 14, 2010

Summary

Topical anesthesia for cataract surgery offers good pain relief, but adding intracameral lidocaine significantly improves patient comfort. General anesthesia monitoring is recommended for elderly patients with cardiovascular conditions.

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Anesthesiology

Context:

Modern cataract surgery relies on topical anesthesia.
Superficial anesthesia alone results in discomfort or pain for up to 30% of patients.
Enhancements include subconjunctival infiltration or modified application forms.

Purpose:

To evaluate the efficacy of combined topical and intracameral anesthesia in cataract surgery.
To assess the benefits of intracameral lidocaine in improving topical anesthesia effectiveness.
To determine the necessity of general anesthesia care for elderly patients undergoing cataract surgery.

Summary:

Intracameral anesthesia, particularly with unpreserved 1% lidocaine introduced in the 1990s, significantly enhances topical anesthesia efficacy.
A combined approach of topical anesthesia plus intracameral lidocaine can be routinely implemented.

More Related Videos

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents

Published on: February 15, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Intracameral Injection in Rats with Low Risk of Adverse Effects

Intracameral Injection in Rats with Low Risk of Adverse Effects

Published on: May 31, 2024

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents

Published on: February 15, 2022

General anesthesia care, including premedication and monitoring, is beneficial for elderly patients with comorbidities, with observed cardiopulmonary changes in nearly 10%.

Impact:

Improved patient comfort and reduced pain during cataract surgery.
Establishes a routine, effective anesthesia protocol for a wider range of patients.
Highlights the importance of managing comorbidities in elderly surgical patients, reducing the need for anesthesia intervention.