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Related Concept Videos

Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
Electrochemical Cells01:28

Electrochemical Cells

Electrochemical cells are systems that convert chemical energy into electrical energy or use electrical energy to drive chemical reactions. They consist of two electrodes in contact with an electrolyte, where redox reactions enable electron transfer. Most electrochemical cells include two half-cells connected by an external wire for electron flow and a salt bridge for ion flow. The salt bridge contains an electrolyte solution and maintains charge neutrality by allowing ions—not electrons—to...
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Spontaneous Chemical Reactions
Spontaneous redox reactions occur abundantly in nature. The chemical reaction occurring in a disposable AA battery powering our remote controls is one such example of a spontaneous redox reaction. Another example is the immersion of coiled copper wire into an aqueous silver nitrate solution. The reaction shows a gradual, visually impressive color change from colorless to bright blue and the formation of a grey precipitate on the copper wire. In this experiment,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Screening of Coatings for an All-Solid-State Battery Using In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy
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Published on: January 20, 2023

Virus-enabled silicon anode for lithium-ion batteries.

Xilin Chen1, Konstantinos Gerasopoulos, Juchen Guo

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.

ACS Nano
|August 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel silicon anode using Tobacco mosaic virus templates. This bio-templated nanocomposite offers a nearly 10-fold capacity increase over graphite anodes with excellent stability for lithium-ion batteries.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
10:03

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Published on: November 11, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Current graphite anodes limit lithium-ion battery energy density.
  • Silicon anodes offer significantly higher theoretical capacity but face challenges with volume expansion and stability.
  • Advanced electrode architectures are needed to harness silicon's potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, high-capacity silicon anode for lithium-ion batteries.
  • To utilize biological templating for creating advanced electrode nanostructures.
  • To improve the cycling stability and rate capability of silicon anodes.

Main Methods:

  • Genetically modified Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) used as a template for nanofeatured surfaces.
  • Electroless deposition of a nickel current collector onto the virus template.
  • Physical vapor deposition of a silicon layer to form the composite anode.

Main Results:

  • The novel composite silicon anode achieved high capacities of 3300 mAh/g.
  • Demonstrated excellent charge-discharge cycling stability with only 0.20% capacity loss per cycle at 1C.
  • Exhibited consistent rate capabilities, retaining 46.4% of capacity at 4C.

Conclusions:

  • The bio-templated nanocomposite electrode architecture significantly enhances silicon anode performance.
  • This approach offers a nearly 10-fold increase in capacity compared to conventional graphite anodes.
  • The developed anode shows promise for next-generation high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries.