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Related Concept Videos

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
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Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

In Vivo Imaging of Cerebrospinal Fluid Transport through the Intact Mouse Skull using Fluorescence Macroscopy
06:22

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Published on: July 29, 2019

Delayed and spontaneous intracranial foreign body migration.

Edward McKintosh1, Matthew Crocker, Andrew J Martin

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Atkinson Morley Wing, St George's Hospital, London, UK. edwardmck@btinternet.com

British Journal of Neurosurgery
|August 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary

A rare case of a metal rod spontaneously migrating into the brain is presented. Early management is crucial for this unusual neurological injury.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Medical Case Reports

Background:

  • Spontaneous migration of foreign bodies into the cranial cavity is exceedingly rare.
  • Understanding the potential mechanisms is vital for diagnosis and treatment.

Observation:

  • A case is detailed where a metal rod migrated into the brain without an identifiable cause.
  • The trajectory and potential origin of the foreign body were analyzed.

Findings:

  • No specific causative factor for the rod's migration was identified.
  • Possible biomechanical or physiological mechanisms are discussed.

Implications:

  • Highlights the importance of considering unusual presentations in neurological emergencies.
  • Emphasizes the need for prompt and appropriate management of intracranial foreign bodies.